[ { "id": "tv1", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Disproportionate exposure to urban heat island intensity across major US cities", "authors": "Angel Hsu; Glenn Sheriff; Tirthankar Chakraborty; Diego Manya", "authorNames": [ "Angel Hsu", "Glenn Sheriff", "Tirthankar Chakraborty", "Diego Manya" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41467-021-22799-5", "journal": "Nature Communications", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Across 175 large US urban areas, people of colour and people below the poverty line generally lived in tracts with stronger summer surface heat islands. The pattern was widespread rather than confined to a few cities.", "plainExplanation": "Across 175 large US urban areas, people of colour and people below the poverty line generally lived in tracts with stronger summer surface heat islands. The pattern was widespread rather than confined to a few cities.", "why": "Cooling investment should consider who lives in the hottest areas, alongside the temperatures themselves.", "everydayExample": "Compare shade and cooling access in two nearby rental neighbourhoods.", "caveat": "Satellite surface temperature is an exposure proxy; it does not measure each resident's indoor heat or prove individual causation.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8149665/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8149665", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8149665/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6994, "sourceSha256": "150925a883eed0d618269825f51cdc3e26507529d20f32d8e8504daea7a0e41b", "correctionUrl": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8239037/", "correctionNote": "Publisher correction: missing figure legend and peer-review-file redaction; article HTML/PDF corrected." }, { "id": "tv2", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Including the urban heat island in spatial heat health risk assessment strategies: a case study for Birmingham, UK", "authors": "Charlie J Tomlinson; Lee Chapman; John E Thornes; Christopher J Baker", "authorNames": [ "Charlie J Tomlinson", "Lee Chapman", "John E Thornes", "Christopher J Baker" ], "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1186/1476-072x-10-42", "journal": "International Journal of Health Geographics", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The Birmingham analysis combined heat-island mapping with population vulnerability to identify neighbourhood heat risk. Many residents classified as highly vulnerable were concentrated inside the heat island.", "plainExplanation": "The Birmingham analysis combined heat-island mapping with population vulnerability to identify neighbourhood heat risk. Many residents classified as highly vulnerable were concentrated inside the heat island.", "why": "A citywide forecast can conceal neighbourhoods needing additional support.", "everydayExample": "A housing provider could overlay older residents' locations with local heat maps when planning outreach.", "caveat": "Risk rankings depend on the selected indicators and their weights; this is a mapping approach rather than an intervention trial.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3141360/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC3141360", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC3141360/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5696, "sourceSha256": "773c3c9daf1735619a4aadbef8d5033ed559c687b4fa7d5a8bbd1704319c541c" }, { "id": "tv3", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Attribution of mortality to the urban heat island during heatwaves in the West Midlands, UK", "authors": "Heaviside C; Vardoulakis S; Cai XM", "authorNames": [ "Heaviside C", "Vardoulakis S", "Cai XM" ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1186/s12940-016-0100-9", "journal": "Environmental Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "West Midlands simulations showed that accounting for where people lived raised estimated mortality during the 2003 heatwave compared with using the region's geographical average temperature. Urban warming added materially to the estimated heat burden.", "plainExplanation": "West Midlands simulations showed that accounting for where people lived raised estimated mortality during the 2003 heatwave compared with using the region's geographical average temperature. Urban warming added materially to the estimated heat burden.", "why": "Local conditions and population distribution matter when estimating heat risk.", "everydayExample": "A dense apartment district may need greater heat preparedness than a regional temperature average suggests.", "caveat": "Deaths are estimated using modelled temperatures and exposure-response relationships; future projections assume specified adaptation and population scenarios.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4895726/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC4895726", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC4895726/fullTextXML", "license": "Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7124, "sourceSha256": "965b7dd15594ad127f6625c49dce1b9bcff8eaa3673ec56fdce3ed0a529fa93f" }, { "id": "tv4", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "On the influence of density and morphology on the Urban Heat Island intensity", "authors": "Yunfei Li; Sebastian Schubert; Jürgen P. Kropp; Diego Rybski", "authorNames": [ "Yunfei Li", "Sebastian Schubert", "Jürgen P. Kropp", "Diego Rybski" ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1038/s41467-020-16461-9", "journal": "Nature Communications", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The authors' urban-form model linked heat-island intensity to city size, development density and the reinforcing thermal influence of nearby urban sites. Relative distances between developments also mattered.", "plainExplanation": "The authors' urban-form model linked heat-island intensity to city size, development density and the reinforcing thermal influence of nearby urban sites. Relative distances between developments also mattered.", "why": "The arrangement of a neighbourhood can influence its thermal setting.", "everydayExample": "Compare tightly clustered developments with buildings separated by vegetated spaces.", "caveat": "The simplified model provides comparative urban-scale guidance, not a prediction of indoor temperature in a particular dwelling.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7253412/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7253412", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7253412/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6723, "sourceSha256": "5efeac19f6fdb462470dadbf0066273a3f27e98533811e8014f9ae4d9cf51ed5" }, { "id": "tv5", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "On the linkage between urban heat island and urban pollution island: Three-decade literature review towards a conceptual framework", "authors": "Giulia Ulpiani", "authorNames": [ "Giulia Ulpiani" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141727", "journal": "The Science of the Total Environment", "method": "Review", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "This review found that urban heat and air pollution interact through airflow, atmospheric mixing and chemistry. Depending on local conditions, strategies targeting one problem may improve or complicate the other.", "plainExplanation": "This review found that urban heat and air pollution interact through airflow, atmospheric mixing and chemistry. Depending on local conditions, strategies targeting one problem may improve or complicate the other.", "why": "Cooling and clean-air measures should be assessed together.", "everydayExample": "Before adding dense roadside vegetation, examine shade benefits alongside effects on ventilation and pollution.", "caveat": "The review combines varied methods and settings; it does not establish a universal temperature or pollution benefit for any intervention.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7434321/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7434321", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7434321/fullTextXML", "license": "Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "review-article", "sourceBodyWords": 17801, "sourceSha256": "1f2b4ee6f9fd2b78b758366cd653c86a099816f8538caf45170896355a028218" }, { "id": "tv6", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Synergies between Urban Heat Island and Heat Waves in Athens (Greece), during an extremely hot summer (2012)", "authors": "Dimitra Founda; Mattheos Santamouris", "authorNames": [ "Dimitra Founda", "Mattheos Santamouris" ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-017-11407-6", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "During five Athens heatwave episodes in summer 2012, the urban heat island intensified relative to background summer conditions. The authors reported amplification reaching 3.5°C, demonstrating that urban and regional heat can reinforce each other.", "plainExplanation": "During five Athens heatwave episodes in summer 2012, the urban heat island intensified relative to background summer conditions. The authors reported amplification reaching 3.5°C, demonstrating that urban and regional heat can reinforce each other.", "why": "A neighbourhood's usual urban-rural temperature difference may underestimate heatwave conditions.", "everydayExample": "Plan for a city apartment to remain unusually hot during a prolonged heatwave.", "caveat": "The result concerns a particular summer and monitoring network; the maximum amplification is not a typical value for other cities.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5591211/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC5591211", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5591211/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5456, "sourceSha256": "d035cc4b672bfb1d815b85ee4e6ea24671224f242d41ccfd4f9191822d245b1c" }, { "id": "tv7", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "The role of city size and urban form in the surface urban heat island", "authors": "Bin Zhou; Diego Rybski; Jürgen P. Kropp", "authorNames": [ "Bin Zhou", "Diego Rybski", "Jürgen P. Kropp" ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-017-04242-2", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Across the studied cities, surface heat-island intensity increased with city size and compactness and decreased with elongated urban form. City size showed the strongest association among these characteristics.", "plainExplanation": "Across the studied cities, surface heat-island intensity increased with city size and compactness and decreased with elongated urban form. City size showed the strongest association among these characteristics.", "why": "Urban expansion patterns can affect heat as well as transport and infrastructure.", "everydayExample": "A planning comparison could evaluate compact development together with shade, ventilation and travel demand.", "caveat": "Surface-temperature associations do not directly determine indoor comfort; dispersed development also has environmental and infrastructure trade-offs.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5500494/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC5500494", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5500494/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6078, "sourceSha256": "64916a2a57347f5919c0ebeaa5b0e7a81d9ed1fcf4f85ba09688e2d86cec39ab" }, { "id": "tv8", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Urban heat island: Aerodynamics or imperviousness?", "authors": "Dan Li; Weilin Liao; Angela J. Rigden; Xiaoping Liu; Dagang Wang; Sergey Malyshev; Elena Shevliakova", "authorNames": [ "Dan Li", "Weilin Liao", "Angela J. Rigden", "Xiaoping Liu", "Dagang Wang", "Sergey Malyshev", "Elena Shevliakova" ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.aau4299", "journal": "Science Advances", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The modelling analysis identified vegetation and moisture availability as major controls of daytime urban heat islands and their spatial differences. It challenged explanations that attribute the pattern mainly to aerodynamic efficiency.", "plainExplanation": "The modelling analysis identified vegetation and moisture availability as major controls of daytime urban heat islands and their spatial differences. It challenged explanations that attribute the pattern mainly to aerodynamic efficiency.", "why": "Water availability helps determine whether urban greenery can cool its surroundings.", "everydayExample": "A dry lawn and a well-watered planted area may perform differently during a heatwave.", "caveat": "These are model-based attributions at large scales; they do not specify household water requirements or a guaranteed local cooling effect.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6447381/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC6447381", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC6447381/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 2217, "sourceSha256": "2165d194937ed71d3d66b5aab9fe27d58278fde0b73a9855b32a9af596280b25" }, { "id": "tv9", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Crowdsourced air temperatures contrast satellite measures of the urban heat island and its mechanisms", "authors": "Zander S. Venter; Tirthankar Chakraborty; Xuhui Lee", "authorNames": [ "Zander S. Venter", "Tirthankar Chakraborty", "Xuhui Lee" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abb9569", "journal": "Science Advances", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Comparing crowdsourced air measurements with satellite observations showed that surface and near-surface air heat islands can differ substantially. The authors found that satellite-based measures overestimated the air-temperature contrast in their comparison.", "plainExplanation": "Comparing crowdsourced air measurements with satellite observations showed that surface and near-surface air heat islands can differ substantially. The authors found that satellite-based measures overestimated the air-temperature contrast in their comparison.", "why": "A hot-looking satellite map is useful context, but it is not a room thermometer.", "everydayExample": "Use a shaded outdoor sensor and an indoor thermometer alongside a neighbourhood heat map.", "caveat": "Crowdsourced sensors and satellite coverage have sampling limitations; surface and air temperatures represent different physical measurements.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8153720/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8153720", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8153720/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6006, "sourceSha256": "c4a4bd3a4e883fed93082b417cc6528eb28ee707ae4810898ce19310ba71d1c9" }, { "id": "tv10", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "The footprint of urban heat island effect in China", "authors": "Decheng Zhou; Shuqing Zhao; Liangxia Zhang; Ge Sun; Yongqiang Liu", "authorNames": [ "Decheng Zhou", "Shuqing Zhao", "Liangxia Zhang", "Ge Sun", "Yongqiang Liu" ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1038/srep11160", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Across Chinese cities, the surface heat-island footprint extended beyond administrative urban land. Its extent varied between day and night, and ignoring the footprint could bias estimated urban-rural temperature differences.", "plainExplanation": "Across Chinese cities, the surface heat-island footprint extended beyond administrative urban land. Its extent varied between day and night, and ignoring the footprint could bias estimated urban-rural temperature differences.", "why": "The choice of comparison area affects claims about a city's heat island.", "everydayExample": "A suburb beside a city may already share some of its warming.", "caveat": "Results depend on satellite surface temperatures, urban boundaries and the reference-area definition; they do not measure individual exposure.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4461918/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC4461918", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC4461918/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4003, "sourceSha256": "1718a0ae5777775274f6f65850a2ad5f89eb2c25a40deaef34f5da4b279d947e" }, { "id": "tv11", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Influencing Mechanisms of Urban Heat Island on Respiratory Diseases", "authors": "Huang H; Yang H; Deng X; Zeng P; Li Y; Zhang L; Zhu L", "authorNames": [ "Huang H", "Yang H", "Deng X", "Zeng P", "Li Y", "Zhang L", "Zhu L" ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.18502/ijph.v48i9.3023", "journal": "Iranian Journal of Public Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The Tianjin analysis combined satellite, weather and respiratory-mortality data to examine changing heat-related spatial patterns from 1992 to 2018. It reported expanding areas of higher assessed influence as urban heat intensified.", "plainExplanation": "The Tianjin analysis combined satellite, weather and respiratory-mortality data to examine changing heat-related spatial patterns from 1992 to 2018. It reported expanding areas of higher assessed influence as urban heat intensified.", "why": "Heat-health assessment can examine how exposure patterns change with urban development.", "everydayExample": "A city could compare emerging residential hotspots with its distribution of respiratory-health support.", "caveat": "The area-level landscape analysis cannot establish individual causation or separate every co-occurring influence, such as air pollution and demographic change.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6825676/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC6825676", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC6825676/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 3993, "sourceSha256": "bddb2e5e38067b8e4dfa8e03fe065fc4cdd8575902c21342e5a90588efae2ecb" }, { "id": "tv12", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Improving the wind environment in high-density cities by understanding urban morphology and surface roughness: A study in Hong Kong", "authors": "Ng E; Yuan C; Chen L; Ren C; Fung JCH", "authorNames": [ "Ng E", "Yuan C", "Chen L", "Ren C", "Fung JCH" ], "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.01.004", "journal": "Landscape and Urban Planning", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The Hong Kong study used building morphology and wind-tunnel evidence to assess urban ventilation. Ground coverage, frontal area and the lower podium layer were important for how wind reached pedestrian spaces.", "plainExplanation": "The Hong Kong study used building morphology and wind-tunnel evidence to assess urban ventilation. Ground coverage, frontal area and the lower podium layer were important for how wind reached pedestrian spaces.", "why": "Large building bases and tightly arranged structures can affect neighbourhood airflow.", "everydayExample": "When comparing apartments, consider the surrounding building arrangement as well as window size.", "caveat": "The planning relationships were developed for dense Hong Kong settings; they do not predict ventilation inside every apartment.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7127139/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7127139", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7127139/fullTextXML", "license": "Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7888, "sourceSha256": "fa9b3408440017ca19f225713c0f46005bc1159a4dce7ff58cd9135509604be2" }, { "id": "tv13", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Methods to Estimate Acclimatization to Urban Heat Island Effects on Heat- and Cold-Related Mortality", "authors": "Ai Milojevic; Ben G. Armstrong; Antonio Gasparrini; Sylvia I. Bohnenstengel; Benjamin Barratt; Paul Wilkinson", "authorNames": [ "Ai Milojevic", "Ben G. Armstrong", "Antonio Gasparrini", "Sylvia I. Bohnenstengel", "Benjamin Barratt", "Paul Wilkinson" ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1289/ehp.1510109", "journal": "Environmental Health Perspectives", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The authors developed methods for estimating acclimatisation to urban heat and cold using London mortality data. Their analysis suggested substantial summer heat acclimatisation but less clear evidence for cold.", "plainExplanation": "The authors developed methods for estimating acclimatisation to urban heat and cold using London mortality data. Their analysis suggested substantial summer heat acclimatisation but less clear evidence for cold.", "why": "Health risk depends on local population adaptation as well as temperature.", "everydayExample": "Two equally warm neighbourhoods may not have identical mortality patterns.", "caveat": "The exposure measure describes outdoor air temperature; housing, behaviour and indoor conditions are not fully represented.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4937865/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC4937865", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC4937865/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/Publication of EHP lies in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from EHP may be reprinted freely. Use of materials published in EHP should be acknowledged (for example, “Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives”); pertinent reference information should be provided for the article from which the material was reproduced. Articles from EHP, especially the News section, may contain photographs or illustrations copyrighted by other commercial organizations or individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from the holder of the copyright.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5705, "sourceSha256": "ebd3e03e93ff3cbfc68426e1923c9a98bf94e665e8954e0d0a8c390009aeceee" }, { "id": "tv14", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Flip flop of Day-night and Summer-Winter Surface Urban Heat Island Intensity in India", "authors": "Hiteshri Shastri; Beas Barik; Subimal Ghosh; Chandra Venkataraman; Pankaj Sadavarte", "authorNames": [ "Hiteshri Shastri", "Beas Barik", "Subimal Ghosh", "Chandra Venkataraman", "Pankaj Sadavarte" ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1038/srep40178", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Indian cities showed strong day-night and seasonal changes in surface heat-island intensity. Parts of central and western India had cooler urban surfaces than surrounding areas before the monsoon, while nighttime urban warming remained evident.", "plainExplanation": "Indian cities showed strong day-night and seasonal changes in surface heat-island intensity. Parts of central and western India had cooler urban surfaces than surrounding areas before the monsoon, while nighttime urban warming remained evident.", "why": "Cities are not necessarily hotter than their surroundings at every time of day.", "everydayExample": "Check nighttime conditions before assuming that a daytime satellite map captures bedroom heat risk.", "caveat": "The authors noted that satellite surface temperatures were not validated against in-situ surface measurements.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5220321/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC5220321", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5220321/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 3222, "sourceSha256": "86cf67c66c56927605d8199c8fd220d766247f9db087445e5d7d95011b3e3bbf" }, { "id": "tv15", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Soil surface temperatures reveal moderation of the urban heat island effect by trees and shrubs", "authors": "J. L. Edmondson; I. Stott; Z. G. Davies; K. J. Gaston; J. R. Leake", "authorNames": [ "J. L. Edmondson", "I. Stott", "Z. G. Davies", "K. J. Gaston", "J. R. Leake" ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1038/srep33708", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Citywide soil-surface measurements found that trees and shrubs moderated summer temperature extremes more than herbaceous vegetation. Smaller trees in domestic gardens provided less moderation than larger woody vegetation in other settings.", "plainExplanation": "Citywide soil-surface measurements found that trees and shrubs moderated summer temperature extremes more than herbaceous vegetation. Smaller trees in domestic gardens provided less moderation than larger woody vegetation in other settings.", "why": "Plant size and vegetation type can affect local ground-level thermal conditions.", "everydayExample": "A young garden tree may not yet provide the shade of an established canopy.", "caveat": "The measured outcome was soil-surface temperature, not indoor air temperature or an equivalent reduction in energy bills.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5027384/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC5027384", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5027384/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 3278, "sourceSha256": "ccf590b7909e97e8b6ec9f415fd91e24bb1efb86bd44268aca51876b89745cb0" }, { "id": "tv16", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Spatially-optimized urban greening for reduction of population exposure to land surface temperature extremes", "authors": "Massaro E; Schifanella R; Piccardo M; Caporaso L; Taubenböck H; Cescatti A; Duveiller G", "authorNames": [ "Massaro E", "Schifanella R", "Piccardo M", "Caporaso L", "Taubenböck H", "Cescatti A", "Duveiller G" ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1038/s41467-023-38596-1", "journal": "Nature Communications", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The modelling study found that targeting greening to areas with high population exposure could reduce exposure to extreme surface temperatures more efficiently than distributing the same treatment uniformly.", "plainExplanation": "The modelling study found that targeting greening to areas with high population exposure could reduce exposure to extreme surface temperatures more efficiently than distributing the same treatment uniformly.", "why": "Where greenery is added can matter as much as its total area.", "everydayExample": "Prioritise a heavily used, poorly shaded residential courtyard rather than an already cool corner.", "caveat": "Exposure combines population with surface-temperature threshold exceedances; it is not a direct measurement of personal heat dose or indoor comfort.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10203342/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC10203342", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10203342/fullTextXML", "license": "Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7345, "sourceSha256": "058567599d19ae1c8f51bacf9c15177b79cbe3950449225cb1d9d1c7342e4f64", "correctionUrl": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10507076/", "correctionNote": "Author correction: population-exposure acronym in Figure 2; article HTML/PDF corrected." }, { "id": "tv17", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Modelling the variation of land surface temperature as determinant of risk of heat-related health events", "authors": "Yan Kestens; Allan Brand; Michel Fournier; Sophie Goudreau; Tom Kosatsky; Matthew Maloley; Audrey Smargiassi", "authorNames": [ "Yan Kestens", "Allan Brand", "Michel Fournier", "Sophie Goudreau", "Tom Kosatsky", "Matthew Maloley", "Audrey Smargiassi" ], "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1186/1476-072x-10-7", "journal": "International Journal of Health Geographics", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The Quebec study developed a land-use regression approach to estimate surface temperatures across space and time. Combining land-use information with weather observations helped represent heat exposure beyond a single satellite snapshot.", "plainExplanation": "The Quebec study developed a land-use regression approach to estimate surface temperatures across space and time. Combining land-use information with weather observations helped represent heat exposure beyond a single satellite snapshot.", "why": "Repeated local conditions are more informative than one hot-day image.", "everydayExample": "Assess a neighbourhood using several dates and weather conditions before making comparisons.", "caveat": "Satellite availability, model choices and the distinction between surface and air temperature limit direct interpretation for a particular home.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3034657/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC3034657", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC3034657/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 3737, "sourceSha256": "60b7daaf617a7e3971d2efdef41c4c11191da33c72f27e111d8ea37efd6565ba" }, { "id": "tv18", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Dominant control of agriculture and irrigation on urban heat island in India", "authors": "Rahul Kumar; Vimal Mishra; Jonathan Buzan; Rohini Kumar; Drew Shindell; Matthew Huber", "authorNames": [ "Rahul Kumar", "Vimal Mishra", "Jonathan Buzan", "Rohini Kumar", "Drew Shindell", "Matthew Huber" ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-017-14213-2", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "In Indian cities, agriculture and irrigation in surrounding rural areas strongly influenced the direction and size of urban-rural surface-temperature contrasts. Nighttime urban warming was much more widespread than daytime warming.", "plainExplanation": "In Indian cities, agriculture and irrigation in surrounding rural areas strongly influenced the direction and size of urban-rural surface-temperature contrasts. Nighttime urban warming was much more widespread than daytime warming.", "why": "A city's heat-island value partly reflects what surrounds it.", "everydayExample": "An irrigated farming fringe and a dry rural fringe provide different temperature baselines.", "caveat": "The findings concern urban-rural surface contrasts; a negative daytime heat island does not mean urban residents are protected from heat.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5656645/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC5656645", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5656645/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4432, "sourceSha256": "f3ff3292e1279e909131efd39fa1c5429741309556b54b5b52efaaf200328acf" }, { "id": "tv19", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Validating Satellite-Derived Land Surface Temperature with in Situ Measurements: A Public Health Perspective", "authors": "Jalonne L. White-Newsome; Shannon J. Brines; Daniel G. Brown; J. Timothy Dvonch; Carina J. Gronlund; Kai Zhang; Evan M. Oswald; Marie S. O’Neill", "authorNames": [ "Jalonne L. White-Newsome", "Shannon J. Brines", "Daniel G. Brown", "J. Timothy Dvonch", "Carina J. Gronlund", "Kai Zhang", "Evan M. Oswald", "Marie S. O’Neill" ], "year": 2013, "doi": "10.1289/ehp.1206176", "journal": "Environmental Health Perspectives", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Comparing satellite temperature products with on-site measurements showed that remotely sensed indicators captured longer-term spatial variation better than short-term personal heat exposure. Agreement varied with the measurement type and timing.", "plainExplanation": "Comparing satellite temperature products with on-site measurements showed that remotely sensed indicators captured longer-term spatial variation better than short-term personal heat exposure. Agreement varied with the measurement type and timing.", "why": "Heat maps need ground-level checks for household decisions.", "everydayExample": "Place a room thermometer in a hot bedroom rather than estimating its temperature from a satellite image.", "caveat": "Satellite overpass timing and limited ground validation constrain short-duration exposure estimates.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3734495/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC3734495", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC3734495/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/Publication of EHP lies in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from EHP may be reprinted freely. Use of materials published in EHP should be acknowledged (for example, ?Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives?); pertinent reference information should be provided for the article from which the material was reproduced. Articles from EHP, especially the News section, may contain photographs or illustrations copyrighted by other commercial organizations or individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from the holder of the copyright.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6029, "sourceSha256": "39d33abfe40680465ae6c0782ac69c6a3fe5325c3494b825f53649aff52b292d" }, { "id": "tv20", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "The winter urban heat island: Impacts on cold-related mortality in a highly urbanized European region for present and future climate", "authors": "Helen. L. Macintyre; Clare Heaviside; Xiaoming Cai; Revati Phalkey", "authorNames": [ "Helen. L. Macintyre", "Clare Heaviside", "Xiaoming Cai", "Revati Phalkey" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.envint.2021.106530", "journal": "Environment International", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "West Midlands modelling found that winter urban warming reduced estimated cold-related mortality, while summer urban warming increased heat-related mortality. The balance differed by season and persisted under the examined future scenarios.", "plainExplanation": "West Midlands modelling found that winter urban warming reduced estimated cold-related mortality, while summer urban warming increased heat-related mortality. The balance differed by season and persisted under the examined future scenarios.", "why": "Cooling strategies should be checked for winter consequences as well as summer benefits.", "everydayExample": "Evaluate a roof or shading intervention across the full year in a cold-winter climate.", "caveat": "The estimates depend on climate and health-response models; anthropogenic heat was not explicitly included in the urban model.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8543073/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8543073", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8543073/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6086, "sourceSha256": "3ed05740d123bff9144f07e0d348ce4d7f4d5d624f91a946225a958d5e5f48c5" }, { "id": "tv21", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Analysis of the relationship among land surface temperature (LST), land use land cover (LULC), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) with topographic elements in the lower Himalayan region", "authors": "Ullah W; Ahmad K; Ullah S; Tahir AA; Javed MF; Nazir A; Abbasi AM; Aziz M; Mohamed A", "authorNames": [ "Ullah W", "Ahmad K", "Ullah S", "Tahir AA", "Javed MF", "Nazir A", "Abbasi AM", "Aziz M", "Mohamed A" ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13322", "journal": "Heliyon", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "In northern Pakistan's lower Himalayan region, satellite surface temperatures varied with land cover and topography. Elevation, slope orientation and vegetation helped explain the spatial thermal pattern.", "plainExplanation": "In northern Pakistan's lower Himalayan region, satellite surface temperatures varied with land cover and topography. Elevation, slope orientation and vegetation helped explain the spatial thermal pattern.", "why": "Hilly neighbourhoods need comparisons that account for terrain as well as development.", "everydayExample": "Compare two homes' slope orientation before attributing their surroundings' temperature difference entirely to tree cover.", "caveat": "Remote-sensing correlations do not isolate every causal influence or describe indoor air temperatures.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9942242/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9942242", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9942242/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6759, "sourceSha256": "5ce1de585a4fb4c7d60b9c307f49dcb7d7f2889082380a07ee047a1147b8b604" }, { "id": "tv22", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Analysis of urban heat island characteristics and mitigation strategies for eight arid and semi-arid gulf region cities", "authors": "Ammar Abulibdeh", "authorNames": [ "Ammar Abulibdeh" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1007/s12665-021-09540-7", "journal": "Environmental Earth Sciences", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Across eight Gulf-region cities, bare land generally had the highest mean surface temperature, but temperatures overlapped between bare, built and green categories. Land-cover labels alone did not explain every hotspot.", "plainExplanation": "Across eight Gulf-region cities, bare land generally had the highest mean surface temperature, but temperatures overlapped between bare, built and green categories. Land-cover labels alone did not explain every hotspot.", "why": "In arid climates, undeveloped ground is not automatically a cool reference area.", "everydayExample": "A shaded built courtyard may have cooler surfaces than exposed bare soil nearby.", "caveat": "Satellite revisit intervals, clouds and within-category differences limit transfer to a specific property or time.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7982340/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7982340", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7982340/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 9916, "sourceSha256": "66a05308c8701adf85e4487c5da195c5f8a4637b475f5580f44b5599880e624e" }, { "id": "tv23", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Heat and Humidity in the City: Neighborhood Heat Index Variability in a Mid-Sized City in the Southeastern United States", "authors": "Hass AL; Ellis KN; Reyes Mason L; Hathaway JM; Howe DA", "authorNames": [ "Hass AL", "Ellis KN", "Reyes Mason L", "Hathaway JM", "Howe DA" ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph13010117", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Neighbourhood monitoring showed that temperature and humidity both shaped heat index. Impervious locations tended toward higher temperature, while greener locations could have higher humidity, complicating simple cooling comparisons.", "plainExplanation": "Neighbourhood monitoring showed that temperature and humidity both shaped heat index. Impervious locations tended toward higher temperature, while greener locations could have higher humidity, complicating simple cooling comparisons.", "why": "Outdoor heat stress cannot always be judged by air temperature alone.", "everydayExample": "Compare a humid shaded courtyard with a dry exposed street using both temperature and humidity.", "caveat": "The study concerns one city's monitored conditions; heat index does not capture every influence on comfort, including radiation and wind.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4730508/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC4730508", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC4730508/fullTextXML", "license": "This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 8986, "sourceSha256": "df9403407cfee59fa50ccc41d8b5cebc3edcc3333b1b9cd9e8a7d435d454ea5c" }, { "id": "tv24", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Correlation analysis of land surface temperature and topographic elements in Hangzhou, China", "authors": "Xiaoxue Peng; Wenyuan Wu; Yaoyao Zheng; Jingyi Sun; Tangao Hu; Pin Wang", "authorNames": [ "Xiaoxue Peng", "Wenyuan Wu", "Yaoyao Zheng", "Jingyi Sun", "Tangao Hu", "Pin Wang" ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-020-67423-6", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The Hangzhou analysis linked surface temperature with elevation, slope, aspect and shaded relief. Relationships differed with season, and the combined terrain analysis highlighted the importance of relief-related solar exposure.", "plainExplanation": "The Hangzhou analysis linked surface temperature with elevation, slope, aspect and shaded relief. Relationships differed with season, and the combined terrain analysis highlighted the importance of relief-related solar exposure.", "why": "Terrain should accompany vegetation and building information in heat assessments.", "everydayExample": "A hillside home and a valley home may face different exposure even with similar gardens.", "caveat": "Statistical relationships in remotely sensed surface temperature are not a controlled test of terrain effects on indoor comfort.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7320146/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7320146", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7320146/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7123, "sourceSha256": "0ee667a9f9cb7a3106b00daf4a9bad2bd89e35907b8c6a526c29124b790ea5d2" }, { "id": "tv25", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Development of a holistic urban heat island evaluation methodology", "authors": "Valentino Sangiorgio; Francesco Fiorito; Mattheos Santamouris", "authorNames": [ "Valentino Sangiorgio", "Francesco Fiorito", "Mattheos Santamouris" ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-020-75018-4", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The authors developed a heat-island evaluation index combining weighted urban parameters with calibration against observations from European urban districts. It was intended to support comparisons of heat-mitigation and planning options.", "plainExplanation": "The authors developed a heat-island evaluation index combining weighted urban parameters with calibration against observations from European urban districts. It was intended to support comparisons of heat-mitigation and planning options.", "why": "A structured index can help organise several local heat drivers.", "everydayExample": "A neighbourhood assessment could examine surface cover and building context together rather than use one indicator.", "caveat": "Weights and calibration determine the index's behaviour; results do not directly predict one home's indoor temperature or retrofit savings.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7578064/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7578064", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7578064/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6246, "sourceSha256": "b3f66dce59b9c172a5272e18702c53265660bba3331dccc9f210df42c1be2318" }, { "id": "tv26", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "The Impact of the Land Cover Dynamics on Surface Urban Heat Island Variations in Semi-Arid Cities: A Case Study in Ahmedabad City, India, Using Multi-Sensor/Source Data", "authors": "Mohammad P; Goswami A; Bonafoni S", "authorNames": [ "Mohammad P", "Goswami A", "Bonafoni S" ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.3390/s19173701", "journal": "Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Over 2003–2018, Ahmedabad's summer daytime surface heat island was often negative because surrounding cropland became hot bare land before the monsoon. Urban expansion enlarged the heat-island footprint without necessarily increasing its intensity.", "plainExplanation": "Over 2003–2018, Ahmedabad's summer daytime surface heat island was often negative because surrounding cropland became hot bare land before the monsoon. Urban expansion enlarged the heat-island footprint without necessarily increasing its intensity.", "why": "A lower urban-rural contrast can coexist with substantial urban heat exposure.", "everydayExample": "Check both a heat map's absolute temperatures and the surrounding rural conditions.", "caveat": "Results depend on reference boundaries, satellite sampling and season; a negative contrast does not establish safe living conditions.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6749296/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC6749296", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC6749296/fullTextXML", "license": "Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 8825, "sourceSha256": "2de266f38e9a9e3b9779253813d6765045ca88689ebd44353598e08113f30058" }, { "id": "tv27", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Quantifying urban heat island intensity in Hong Kong SAR, China", "authors": "Leong Wai Siu; Melissa A. Hart", "authorNames": [ "Leong Wai Siu", "Melissa A. Hart" ], "year": 2013, "doi": "10.1007/s10661-012-2876-6", "journal": "Environmental Monitoring and Assessment", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Applying Local Climate Zones to Hong Kong weather stations changed which stations were judged representative urban and rural references. The authors concluded that some earlier station choices may have underestimated heat-island intensity.", "plainExplanation": "Applying Local Climate Zones to Hong Kong weather stations changed which stations were judged representative urban and rural references. The authors concluded that some earlier station choices may have underestimated heat-island intensity.", "why": "The stations used in a comparison can change the apparent amount of urban warming.", "everydayExample": "Check whether a city's reference station is inland, coastal or surrounded by development.", "caveat": "Classification is difficult in heterogeneous landscapes, and station surroundings can change over time.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3613573/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC3613573", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC3613573/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5924, "sourceSha256": "f4a2610fa5288c974db5749abb7fb1d066221190d618c2d7b11df00bf9c863ba" }, { "id": "tv28", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Intra-urban microclimate investigation in urban heat island through a novel mobile monitoring system", "authors": "Ioannis Kousis; Ilaria Pigliautile; Anna Laura Pisello", "authorNames": [ "Ioannis Kousis", "Ilaria Pigliautile", "Anna Laura Pisello" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-88344-y", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Mobile monitoring in Perugia revealed fine-scale differences in urban environmental conditions across contrasting street and neighbourhood forms. The approach helped locate microclimate hotspots that fixed stations alone could miss.", "plainExplanation": "Mobile monitoring in Perugia revealed fine-scale differences in urban environmental conditions across contrasting street and neighbourhood forms. The approach helped locate microclimate hotspots that fixed stations alone could miss.", "why": "Conditions along a daily route can differ from the nearest official weather station.", "everydayExample": "Compare the exposed walk to a bus stop with a shaded residential street.", "caveat": "Mobile measurements represent particular routes and sampling periods; they do not establish year-round exposure inside nearby homes.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8102564/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8102564", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8102564/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7320, "sourceSha256": "f985b56792a99874a6766299d43b83b59bbb742cd31f414eb7840b8ddc72acdf" }, { "id": "tv29", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "The Urban Heat Island in an Urban Context: A Case Study of Mashhad, Iran", "authors": "Marzie Naserikia; Elyas Asadi Shamsabadi; Mojtaba Rafieian; Walter Leal Filho", "authorNames": [ "Marzie Naserikia", "Elyas Asadi Shamsabadi", "Mojtaba Rafieian", "Walter Leal Filho" ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph16030313", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "In Mashhad's arid setting, bare soil and asphalt surroundings were important features of hot surface areas. Dense built areas were not invariably hotter than more open areas with exposed ground.", "plainExplanation": "In Mashhad's arid setting, bare soil and asphalt surroundings were important features of hot surface areas. Dense built areas were not invariably hotter than more open areas with exposed ground.", "why": "Shade and surface materials matter when evaluating open space in dry climates.", "everydayExample": "An unshaded paved or bare courtyard may be hotter at its surface than a shaded narrow street.", "caveat": "The findings concern local surface-temperature patterns; proposed pavement measures were not a universal household retrofit trial.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6388183/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC6388183", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC6388183/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4621, "sourceSha256": "b72eff616453270d61baf98ac2c4bc93473d6b73750fece117666bf35c06a7a2" }, { "id": "tv30", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Spatially Analyzing the Inequity of the Hong Kong Urban Heat Island by Socio-Demographic Characteristics", "authors": "Man Sing Wong; Fen Peng; Bin Zou; Wen Zhong Shi; Gaines J. Wilson", "authorNames": [ "Man Sing Wong", "Fen Peng", "Bin Zou", "Wen Zhong Shi", "Gaines J. Wilson" ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph13030317", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The Hong Kong spatial analysis identified clusters where disadvantaged demographic groups overlapped with stronger surface heat exposure. Income, marital status and occupation revealed particularly marked inequities in the analysed data.", "plainExplanation": "The Hong Kong spatial analysis identified clusters where disadvantaged demographic groups overlapped with stronger surface heat exposure. Income, marital status and occupation revealed particularly marked inequities in the analysed data.", "why": "Heat adaptation should consider social circumstances alongside physical hotspots.", "everydayExample": "A cooling programme could prioritise low-income rental blocks with limited access to refuge.", "caveat": "The analysis used an older surface-temperature image and area-level demographics; it cannot measure each household's actual exposure.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4808980/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC4808980", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC4808980/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4159, "sourceSha256": "18914a0d1a394e9613bc568ec4dd3f5fb7ade8e2d6b58edca0c5236ad9a6e565" }, { "id": "tv31", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Examining the Relationship between Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) Models: A Case Study of Seoul, South Korea", "authors": "Minjun Kim; Dongbeom Kim; Geunhan Kim", "authorNames": [ "Minjun Kim", "Dongbeom Kim", "Geunhan Kim" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph192315926", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "A Seoul machine-learning analysis found surrounding vegetation and built cover important for surface temperature. Its land-cover scenario predicted cooling after replacing an expressway with green space.", "plainExplanation": "A Seoul machine-learning analysis found surrounding vegetation and built cover important for surface temperature. Its land-cover scenario predicted cooling after replacing an expressway with green space.", "why": "Changes beyond a property's boundary can affect its thermal surroundings.", "everydayExample": "A proposed green corridor may benefit several neighbouring blocks rather than only adjacent plots.", "caveat": "The cooling scenario is a model prediction; it is not a measured intervention outcome or equivalent indoor temperature reduction.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9740204/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9740204", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9740204/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4268, "sourceSha256": "f5669e370002cd356d28021490176a5c8ac4b152407514e0a201a8c199ebdaf0" }, { "id": "tv32", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Evaluating the impacts of land use/land cover changes across topography against land surface temperature in Cameron Highlands", "authors": "Darren How Jin Aik; Mohd Hasmadi Ismail; Farrah Melissa Muharam; Mohamad Azani Alias", "authorNames": [ "Darren How Jin Aik", "Mohd Hasmadi Ismail", "Farrah Melissa Muharam", "Mohamad Azani Alias" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0252111", "journal": "PLoS ONE", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "In Malaysia's Cameron Highlands, agricultural and urban expansion coincided with forest loss and changes in satellite surface temperature. Development also extended onto steep slopes, raising concerns beyond heat alone.", "plainExplanation": "In Malaysia's Cameron Highlands, agricultural and urban expansion coincided with forest loss and changes in satellite surface temperature. Development also extended onto steep slopes, raising concerns beyond heat alone.", "why": "Land development can affect thermal conditions and slope stability together.", "everydayExample": "Assess hillside housing proposals for vegetation loss, drainage and heat exposure.", "caveat": "A comparison of satellite dates cannot attribute all temperature change to land cover independently of weather and image conditions.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8139479/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8139479", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8139479/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 9275, "sourceSha256": "c5572594110b6f9b12b74bf13e1c8d37e23204c8f3fbfcfb803f32360a587b0d" }, { "id": "tv33", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Balancing conflicting mitigation and adaptation behaviours of urban residents under climate change and the urban heat island effect", "authors": "Kayoko Kondo; Leslie Mabon; Yifan Bi; Yulin Chen; Yuriko Hayabuchi", "authorNames": [ "Kayoko Kondo", "Leslie Mabon", "Yifan Bi", "Yulin Chen", "Yuriko Hayabuchi" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.scs.2020.102585", "journal": "Sustainable Cities and Society", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "A Fukuoka survey distinguished cooling practices focused on energy-saving from those prioritising immediate heat adaptation. The energy-saving group reported lower bills and greater participation in other mitigation behaviours.", "plainExplanation": "A Fukuoka survey distinguished cooling practices focused on energy-saving from those prioritising immediate heat adaptation. The energy-saving group reported lower bills and greater participation in other mitigation behaviours.", "why": "Cooling advice needs to address both comfort needs and household motivations.", "everydayExample": "A renter may combine safe air-conditioning use with shading rather than simply reduce cooling hours.", "caveat": "Self-reported survey associations do not prove that a particular message or behaviour caused lower bills or safer temperatures.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7788284/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7788284", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7788284/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6551, "sourceSha256": "b09599b786ed35ec0ff8c632cb766a014fadd66762f1992c62e5fea406bdfbd8" }, { "id": "tv34", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Impact of Biophysical Mechanisms on Urban Heat Island Associated with Climate Variation and Urban Morphology", "authors": "Fitria R; Kim D; Baik J; Choi M", "authorNames": [ "Fitria R", "Kim D", "Baik J", "Choi M" ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-019-55847-8", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The authors found that urban heat-island drivers varied with climate and time of day. Convection, evaporation, heat storage and anthropogenic heat had different importance across the examined cities and climate conditions.", "plainExplanation": "The authors found that urban heat-island drivers varied with climate and time of day. Convection, evaporation, heat storage and anthropogenic heat had different importance across the examined cities and climate conditions.", "why": "One city's dominant cooling mechanism may not be another's.", "everydayExample": "A humid-city shading strategy and an arid-city planting strategy need separate local assessment.", "caveat": "The attribution relies on modelling and selected cities; it does not provide a direct retrofit specification for an individual building.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6925255/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC6925255", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC6925255/fullTextXML", "license": "Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 8243, "sourceSha256": "f0ced86ac525ac3aaaefdb22114d8f15d9073128b7b7699461077e619442b72d" }, { "id": "tv35", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Examining seasonal effect of urban heat island in a coastal city", "authors": "Wu X; Zhang L; Zang S", "authorNames": [ "Wu X", "Zhang L", "Zang S" ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0217850", "journal": "PLoS ONE", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "In coastal Dalian, surface heat-island patterns changed by season. Vegetation and elevation were important correlates, while the coastline's role varied and autumn-winter urban warming was much less apparent.", "plainExplanation": "In coastal Dalian, surface heat-island patterns changed by season. Vegetation and elevation were important correlates, while the coastline's role varied and autumn-winter urban warming was much less apparent.", "why": "Season and coastal influence matter when interpreting neighbourhood heat maps.", "everydayExample": "A waterfront location's summer conditions should not be inferred from its winter temperature pattern.", "caveat": "The study analyses one coastal city's surface temperatures; associations need checking against local air and indoor measurements.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6568388/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC6568388", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC6568388/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4361, "sourceSha256": "25d0561539436fccf2251e89a2be9c7a646eff0f86c7785470e2f6d5a36f7284" }, { "id": "tv36", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Synergies between urban heat island and heat waves in Seoul: The role of wind speed and land use characteristics", "authors": "Ngarambe J; Nganyiyimana J; Kim I; Santamouris M; Yun GY", "authorNames": [ "Ngarambe J", "Nganyiyimana J", "Kim I", "Santamouris M", "Yun GY" ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0243571", "journal": "PLoS ONE", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Seoul's urban heat island strengthened during heatwaves, particularly in densely built settings and under low wind. The study showed that land use and weather influenced how urban and regional heat combined.", "plainExplanation": "Seoul's urban heat island strengthened during heatwaves, particularly in densely built settings and under low wind. The study showed that land use and weather influenced how urban and regional heat combined.", "why": "Calm heatwave nights deserve particular attention in dense residential areas.", "everydayExample": "Prepare extra cooling support for a sheltered apartment block during a low-wind heatwave.", "caveat": "The weather analysis considered a limited set of variables and one city; reported peak differences are not universal expectations.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7721160/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7721160", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7721160/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 8007, "sourceSha256": "b813530e2aac480ae33d2a2cc11bab1fcc7656147879167665c0adba6019930e" }, { "id": "tv37", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Effect of land cover composition and building configuration on land surface temperature in an urban-sprawl city, case study in Bangkok Metropolitan Area, Thailand", "authors": "Tratrin Adulkongkaew; Tunlawit Satapanajaru; Sujittra Charoenhirunyingyos; Wichitra Singhirunnusorn", "authorNames": [ "Tratrin Adulkongkaew", "Tunlawit Satapanajaru", "Sujittra Charoenhirunyingyos", "Wichitra Singhirunnusorn" ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04485", "journal": "Heliyon", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "In Bangkok, land-cover proportions and building configuration were associated with surface temperature. Greater vegetation and water coverage generally supported cooling, while some taller or differently arranged building patterns also showed lower surface temperatures.", "plainExplanation": "In Bangkok, land-cover proportions and building configuration were associated with surface temperature. Greater vegetation and water coverage generally supported cooling, while some taller or differently arranged building patterns also showed lower surface temperatures.", "why": "Building form and greenery should be assessed together.", "everydayExample": "A housing layout can create shade while retaining planted ground and water-sensitive landscaping.", "caveat": "These are observational, context-dependent surface-temperature relationships, not proof that increasing building height always cools neighbourhood air.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7452575/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7452575", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7452575/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5157, "sourceSha256": "3f11409c1e5484ce326d03b6932ce973a0083e7cfe84141e19b3e62843e289f5" }, { "id": "tv38", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Neighborhood Landscape Spatial Patterns and Land Surface Temperature: An Empirical Study on Single-Family Residential Areas in Austin, Texas", "authors": "Jun-Hyun Kim; Donghwan Gu; Wonmin Sohn; Sung-Ho Kil; Hwanyong Kim; Dong-Kun Lee", "authorNames": [ "Jun-Hyun Kim", "Donghwan Gu", "Wonmin Sohn", "Sung-Ho Kil", "Hwanyong Kim", "Dong-Kun Lee" ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph13090880", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "In Austin's single-family neighbourhoods, larger and better-connected green landscape patterns were associated with lower surface temperatures after accounting for spatial dependence. Fragmented and isolated green patches showed weaker cooling relationships.", "plainExplanation": "In Austin's single-family neighbourhoods, larger and better-connected green landscape patterns were associated with lower surface temperatures after accounting for spatial dependence. Fragmented and isolated green patches showed weaker cooling relationships.", "why": "Connected vegetation may have advantages beyond scattered small patches.", "everydayExample": "Neighbours could consider continuous street planting alongside individual garden improvements.", "caveat": "The analysis is observational and surface-based; it does not establish an exact cooling benefit for a specific planting project.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5036713/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC5036713", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5036713/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4428, "sourceSha256": "7a6473fbb96bbddc67cc98ea7e3b6d3d07dca730fec9149dcf53fefbf0c0af04" }, { "id": "tv39", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Relationship between urban morphology and land surface temperature—A case study of Nanjing City", "authors": "Yin S; Liu J; Han Z", "authorNames": [ "Yin S", "Liu J", "Han Z" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0260205", "journal": "PLoS ONE", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The Nanjing study found spatially varying relationships between urban form and surface temperature. Some high-rise areas had lower surface temperatures than mid-rise areas, which the authors linked to greater shadow coverage.", "plainExplanation": "The Nanjing study found spatially varying relationships between urban form and surface temperature. Some high-rise areas had lower surface temperatures than mid-rise areas, which the authors linked to greater shadow coverage.", "why": "Height effects depend on shading, arrangement and local surroundings.", "everydayExample": "A taller neighbouring building may shade pavement while also changing wind and daylight.", "caveat": "Statistical modelling faced data and collinearity constraints; cooler surfaces do not necessarily imply better indoor or pedestrian comfort.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8827472/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8827472", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8827472/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6685, "sourceSha256": "b63ef9020eb42978b30b268442cd4fb00268d4c6878d690fe646d11d59e809e7" }, { "id": "tv40", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Estimating Heat‐Related Exposures and Urban Heat Island Impacts: A Case Study for the 2012 Chicago Heatwave", "authors": "Chen K; Newman AJ; Huang M; Coon C; Darrow LA; Strickland MJ; Holmes HA", "authorNames": [ "Chen K", "Newman AJ", "Huang M", "Coon C", "Darrow LA", "Strickland MJ", "Holmes HA" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1029/2021gh000535", "journal": "GeoHealth", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Modelling the 2012 Chicago heatwave showed high heat stress in urban areas, while some rural areas also experienced substantial risk, including at night. Model configurations differed in accuracy and computational cost.", "plainExplanation": "Modelling the 2012 Chicago heatwave showed high heat stress in urban areas, while some rural areas also experienced substantial risk, including at night. Model configurations differed in accuracy and computational cost.", "why": "Heat preparedness should extend beyond city-centre hotspots.", "everydayExample": "A suburban or rural household should follow heat alerts even outside the mapped urban heat island.", "caveat": "Exposure estimates depend on the selected atmospheric and urban models; they are not direct measurements of household health outcomes.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8772392/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8772392", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8772392/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 10017, "sourceSha256": "bef296ccc1747191f724246802beb3746055d2f968ab41c0cbf896a33f6cb070" }, { "id": "tv41", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "How urbanisation alters the intensity of the urban heat island in a tropical African city", "authors": "Li X; Stringer LC; Chapman S; Dallimer M", "authorNames": [ "Li X", "Stringer LC", "Chapman S", "Dallimer M" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0254371", "journal": "PLoS ONE", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Tracking Kampala showed that urban expansion and surface heat-island intensity did not follow a simple one-direction relationship. The authors highlighted the importance of how development interacts with green and blue spaces.", "plainExplanation": "Tracking Kampala showed that urban expansion and surface heat-island intensity did not follow a simple one-direction relationship. The authors highlighted the importance of how development interacts with green and blue spaces.", "why": "Growth can be planned with attention to thermal conditions rather than judged only by built area.", "everydayExample": "Protect vegetated and water-linked corridors as new housing is developed.", "caveat": "Satellite-derived annual daytime indicators do not describe every season, nighttime condition or resident's exposure.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8277026/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8277026", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8277026/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 8535, "sourceSha256": "9adba3bc59dfb04c5bc2ab6c32183d419383b82c3dbda43c2eef0208c83d56ab" }, { "id": "tv42", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Cooling effect and control factors of common shrubs on the urban heat island effect in a southern city in China", "authors": "Zhang R", "authorNames": [ "Zhang R" ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-020-74559-y", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Measurements of five shrub species in Guangzhou showed different surface-cooling performance. Leaf area and plant height helped explain differences through their relationships with transpiration and plant water use.", "plainExplanation": "Measurements of five shrub species in Guangzhou showed different surface-cooling performance. Leaf area and plant height helped explain differences through their relationships with transpiration and plant water use.", "why": "Shrub selection can influence local surface conditions as well as appearance.", "everydayExample": "Compare suitable shrub species for a sunny garden rather than treating all planting as thermally identical.", "caveat": "The study measured vegetation and pavement surface temperatures; it did not demonstrate equivalent indoor cooling or energy savings.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7560741/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7560741", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7560741/fullTextXML", "license": "Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4489, "sourceSha256": "8d881b9df81c7f4e1ce9df34f6ba03d4ec04f5ae2e572d403c9c23143adc89a7" }, { "id": "tv43", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Statistical Review of Quality Parameters of Blue-Green Infrastructure Elements Important in Mitigating the Effect of the Urban Heat Island in the Temperate Climate (C) Zone", "authors": "Antoszewski P; Świerk D; Krzyżaniak M", "authorNames": [ "Antoszewski P", "Świerk D", "Krzyżaniak M" ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph17197093", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "method": "Review", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "This review identified design-related parameters affecting blue-green infrastructure cooling, including green-space size, leaf area, roof moisture and wall position. Different infrastructure types depended on different combinations of characteristics.", "plainExplanation": "This review identified design-related parameters affecting blue-green infrastructure cooling, including green-space size, leaf area, roof moisture and wall position. Different infrastructure types depended on different combinations of characteristics.", "why": "Effective cooling requires attention to design and maintenance, not simply adding a green feature.", "everydayExample": "A green roof's irrigation and substrate conditions should accompany its planting plan.", "caveat": "The synthesis focuses on temperate-climate evidence with heterogeneous methods; it provides no single transferable cooling value.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7579214/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7579214", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7579214/fullTextXML", "license": "Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "review-article", "sourceBodyWords": 17778, "sourceSha256": "3fa4e5014338446bebb12aca64ed4bdc8aa0d7e5bbf382621db0e68f754f280b" }, { "id": "tv44", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "The Diversified Impacts of Urban Morphology on Land Surface Temperature among Urban Functional Zones", "authors": "Gao S; Zhan Q; Yang C; Liu H", "authorNames": [ "Gao S", "Zhan Q", "Yang C", "Liu H" ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph17249578", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The study found that relationships between urban morphology and surface temperature differed across urban functional zones. Citywide models could conceal local differences, and selected indicators explained between-zone variation better than some within-zone variation.", "plainExplanation": "The study found that relationships between urban morphology and surface temperature differed across urban functional zones. Citywide models could conceal local differences, and selected indicators explained between-zone variation better than some within-zone variation.", "why": "Heat analysis benefits from recognising different neighbourhood functions and forms.", "everydayExample": "Do not assume that a warehouse district's heat relationship applies unchanged to a residential block.", "caveat": "Regression and machine-learning associations do not establish causal intervention effects, and explanatory strength varied by zone.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7767394/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7767394", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7767394/fullTextXML", "license": "Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 8609, "sourceSha256": "d28139cd38f30eb25239b7ec1d41b51ad133ada53056077456c68faae696d278" }, { "id": "tv45", "topic": "cities", "tags": [ "cities" ], "title": "Analyzing the scale dependent effect of urban building morphology on land surface temperature using random forest algorithm", "authors": "Weiqun Han", "authorNames": [ "Weiqun Han" ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-46437-w", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "In Wuhan, a random-forest analysis found building density, mean height and form important for surface temperature, with relationships changing by analytical scale. A 600-m neighbourhood performed best for this dataset.", "plainExplanation": "In Wuhan, a random-forest analysis found building density, mean height and form important for surface temperature, with relationships changing by analytical scale. A 600-m neighbourhood performed best for this dataset.", "why": "The grid size used in a heat study can change its conclusions.", "everydayExample": "Check whether a neighbourhood-scale model is suitable before applying it to one garden or building.", "caveat": "The optimal scale and modelled thresholds are dataset-specific; they are not universal building regulations or indoor cooling predictions.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10630386/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC10630386", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10630386/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4373, "sourceSha256": "6df58a6b5df7f9369177d0214d114c27ff399b0b7ca2b860f8bef3422a405543" }, { "id": "tv46", "topic": "trees", "tags": [ "trees" ], "title": "Urban Tree Canopy and Asthma, Wheeze, Rhinitis, and Allergic Sensitization to Tree Pollen in a New York City Birth Cohort", "authors": "Lovasi GS; O'Neil-Dunne JP; Lu JW; Sheehan D; Perzanowski MS; Macfaden SW; King KL; Matte T; Miller RL; Hoepner LA; Perera FP; Rundle A", "authorNames": [ "Lovasi GS", "O'Neil-Dunne JP", "Lu JW", "Sheehan D", "Perzanowski MS", "Macfaden SW", "King KL", "Matte T", "Miller RL", "Hoepner LA", "Perera FP", "Rundle A" ], "year": 2013, "doi": "10.1289/ehp.1205513", "journal": "Environmental Health Perspectives", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "In a New York birth cohort, nearby tree canopy was associated with greater sensitisation to tree pollen, while asthma and other allergy outcomes did not show a simple consistent canopy relationship.", "plainExplanation": "In a New York birth cohort, nearby tree canopy was associated with greater sensitisation to tree pollen, while asthma and other allergy outcomes did not show a simple consistent canopy relationship.", "why": "Tree benefits should be considered alongside species-related allergy concerns.", "everydayExample": "A household with pollen sensitivity can consider species and flowering periods when choosing planting.", "caveat": "Individual pollen exposure and species-specific sensitisation were unavailable; observational findings may not generalise to other populations.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3620770/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC3620770", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC3620770/fullTextXML", "license": "Publication of EHP lies in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from EHP may be reprinted freely. Use of materials published in EHP should be acknowledged (for example, ?Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives?); pertinent reference information should be provided for the article from which the material was reproduced. Articles from EHP, especially the News section, may contain photographs or illustrations copyrighted by other commercial organizations or individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from the holder of the copyright.", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6663, "sourceSha256": "4c30a2045867c034dc372f92ac99135adc7915db2a5d2a6fca21353766609a7f" }, { "id": "tv47", "topic": "trees", "tags": [ "trees" ], "title": "Urban green space, tree canopy and prevention of cardiometabolic diseases: a multilevel longitudinal study of 46 786 Australians", "authors": "Astell-Burt T; Feng X", "authorNames": [ "Astell-Burt T", "Feng X" ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1093/ije/dyz239", "journal": "International Journal of Epidemiology", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Following Australian adults, the study associated greater neighbourhood tree canopy with lower incidence of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Total green-space coverage did not show the same consistent pattern across outcomes.", "plainExplanation": "Following Australian adults, the study associated greater neighbourhood tree canopy with lower incidence of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Total green-space coverage did not show the same consistent pattern across outcomes.", "why": "The type of greenery may matter when discussing healthy neighbourhoods.", "everydayExample": "Consider established tree canopy as well as the amount of open lawn around housing.", "caveat": "This longitudinal observational study cannot prove that planting trees alone prevents disease; other neighbourhood and personal factors may contribute.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7394941/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7394941", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7394941/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 3828, "sourceSha256": "1764cceb46862f5d83cc77ca2f3bb8b9754cd40135063f904dcb88511f15552c" }, { "id": "tv48", "topic": "trees", "tags": [ "trees" ], "title": "Urban Trees and Human Health: A Scoping Review", "authors": "Kathleen L. Wolf; Sharon T. Lam; Jennifer K. McKeen; Gregory R.A. Richardson; Matilda van den Bosch; Adrina C. Bardekjian", "authorNames": [ "Kathleen L. Wolf", "Sharon T. Lam", "Jennifer K. McKeen", "Gregory R.A. Richardson", "Matilda van den Bosch", "Adrina C. Bardekjian" ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph17124371", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "method": "Review", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The scoping review connected urban trees with multiple health pathways, including reduced environmental harm, psychological restoration and opportunities for activity. Evidence varied widely, and the authors cautioned that trees can also introduce risks such as pollen exposure.", "plainExplanation": "The scoping review connected urban trees with multiple health pathways, including reduced environmental harm, psychological restoration and opportunities for activity. Evidence varied widely, and the authors cautioned that trees can also introduce risks such as pollen exposure.", "why": "Healthy planting involves species, maintenance and local needs as well as canopy quantity.", "everydayExample": "A courtyard plan can combine shade, usable paths and attention to residents' allergies.", "caveat": "Heterogeneous study designs and exposure measures prevent a single reliable health-effect estimate for all urban trees.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7345658/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7345658", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7345658/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "review-article", "sourceBodyWords": 8980, "sourceSha256": "1db0dd24d6675cef14cc910eafa126c4fbf820eea41521486ec41220bba11e82" }, { "id": "tv49", "topic": "trees", "tags": [ "trees" ], "title": "Trees Grow on Money: Urban Tree Canopy Cover and Environmental Justice", "authors": "Schwarz K; Fragkias M; Boone CG; Zhou W; McHale M; Grove JM; O'Neil-Dunne J; McFadden JP; Buckley GL; Childers D; Ogden L; Pincetl S; Pataki D; Whitmer A; Cadenasso ML", "authorNames": [ "Schwarz K", "Fragkias M", "Boone CG", "Zhou W", "McHale M", "Grove JM", "O'Neil-Dunne J", "McFadden JP", "Buckley GL", "Childers D", "Ogden L", "Pincetl S", "Pataki D", "Whitmer A", "Cadenasso ML" ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0122051", "journal": "PLoS ONE", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Across the selected US cities, higher-income neighbourhoods generally had greater tree canopy. Associations with racial and ethnic composition differed between cities, demonstrating that canopy inequity was locally specific.", "plainExplanation": "Across the selected US cities, higher-income neighbourhoods generally had greater tree canopy. Associations with racial and ethnic composition differed between cities, demonstrating that canopy inequity was locally specific.", "why": "Tree programmes should investigate local access gaps rather than assume one national pattern.", "everydayExample": "Compare street-tree provision in older low-income rental areas and wealthier subdivisions.", "caveat": "Area-level spatial associations do not establish why a particular household lacks trees or how planting would change its exposure.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4382324/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC4382324", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC4382324/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7724, "sourceSha256": "d32f06e8b68ded0e59aff374fbd6bacf21c81828b3b774c2d19eeadbeea44da7" }, { "id": "tv50", "topic": "trees", "tags": [ "trees" ], "title": "The role of urban trees in reducing land surface temperatures in European cities", "authors": "Jonas Schwaab; Ronny Meier; Gianluca Mussetti; Sonia Seneviratne; Christine Bürgi; Edouard L. Davin", "authorNames": [ "Jonas Schwaab", "Ronny Meier", "Gianluca Mussetti", "Sonia Seneviratne", "Christine Bürgi", "Edouard L. Davin" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41467-021-26768-w", "journal": "Nature Communications", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Across European cities, trees were associated with substantially cooler land surfaces than urban fabric, generally more so than treeless green spaces. The magnitude varied across climatic regions.", "plainExplanation": "Across European cities, trees were associated with substantially cooler land surfaces than urban fabric, generally more so than treeless green spaces. The magnitude varied across climatic regions.", "why": "Tree shade and vegetated surfaces should not be treated as interchangeable.", "everydayExample": "A shaded courtyard may offer different surface conditions from an exposed lawn.", "caveat": "The study measures surface-temperature contrasts; its large differences should not be presented as equivalent air-temperature or indoor cooling benefits.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8611034/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8611034", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8611034/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6890, "sourceSha256": "12efc21eb6fb8d0f419193b4f6f657c8ac737d323dc03f2c9f24838073de904b" }, { "id": "tv51", "topic": "trees", "tags": [ "trees" ], "title": "Climate change accelerates growth of urban trees in metropolises worldwide", "authors": "Pretzsch H; Biber P; Uhl E; Dahlhausen J; Schütze G; Perkins D; Rötzer T; Caldentey J; Koike T; Con TV; Chavanne A; Toit BD; Foster K; Lefer B", "authorNames": [ "Pretzsch H", "Biber P", "Uhl E", "Dahlhausen J", "Schütze G", "Perkins D", "Rötzer T", "Caldentey J", "Koike T", "Con TV", "Chavanne A", "Toit BD", "Foster K", "Lefer B" ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-017-14831-w", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Tree-ring analysis across world metropolises found faster growth in urban than rural trees and changes in growth associated with climate trends. The authors warned that accelerated growth could also alter ageing and service lifetimes.", "plainExplanation": "Tree-ring analysis across world metropolises found faster growth in urban than rural trees and changes in growth associated with climate trends. The authors warned that accelerated growth could also alter ageing and service lifetimes.", "why": "Urban tree planning needs long-term care and replacement, not only planting targets.", "everydayExample": "A neighbourhood planting programme should budget for monitoring and maintenance as trees mature.", "caveat": "Growth patterns do not directly quantify household cooling, and responses vary with species and environmental setting.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5684322/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC5684322", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5684322/fullTextXML", "license": "Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6465, "sourceSha256": "c74c4e636408d237b098c654cbdf46e11cfd5e5cffcbf455c777b465703450b2" }, { "id": "tv52", "topic": "trees", "tags": [ "trees" ], "title": "Examining the distributional equity of urban tree canopy cover and ecosystem services across United States cities", "authors": "Riley CB; Gardiner MM", "authorNames": [ "Riley CB", "Gardiner MM" ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0228499", "journal": "PLoS ONE", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The study compared tree-canopy distribution with estimated ecosystem services across US cities. It found that equity patterns could differ depending on whether canopy or particular services were measured.", "plainExplanation": "The study compared tree-canopy distribution with estimated ecosystem services across US cities. It found that equity patterns could differ depending on whether canopy or particular services were measured.", "why": "Equal canopy percentages do not automatically mean equal benefits.", "everydayExample": "Assess whether trees shade occupied walking routes rather than counting canopy alone.", "caveat": "Service estimates rely on modelling and local social-ecological conditions; canopy remains an imperfect proxy for residents' actual experience.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7012407/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7012407", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7012407/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 10351, "sourceSha256": "fb6c51ae5a24c189ff4d90841588d2f986741860b320d95d683ef616d70012cd", "correctionUrl": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7059941/", "correctionNote": "Publisher correction: Figure 1 corrected through republication." }, { "id": "tv53", "topic": "trees", "tags": [ "trees" ], "title": "Estimation of the Allergenic Potential of Urban Trees and Urban Parks: Towards the Healthy Design of Urban Green Spaces of the Future", "authors": "Paloma Cariñanos; Filipa Grilo; Pedro Pinho; Manuel Casares-Porcel; Cristina Branquinho; Nezha Acil; Maria Beatrice Andreucci; Andreia Anjos; Pietro Massimiliano Bianco; Silvia Brini; Pedro Calaza-Martínez; Enrico Calvo; Elisa Carrari; José Castro; Anna Chiesura; Otilia Correia; Artur Gonçalves; Paula Gonçalves; Teresa Mexia; Marzia Mirabile; Elena Paoletti; Margarida Santos-Reis; Paolo Semenzato; Ursa Vilhar", "authorNames": [ "Paloma Cariñanos", "Filipa Grilo", "Pedro Pinho", "Manuel Casares-Porcel", "Cristina Branquinho", "Nezha Acil", "Maria Beatrice Andreucci", "Andreia Anjos", "Pietro Massimiliano Bianco", "Silvia Brini", "Pedro Calaza-Martínez", "Enrico Calvo", "Elisa Carrari", "José Castro", "Anna Chiesura", "Otilia Correia", "Artur Gonçalves", "Paula Gonçalves", "Teresa Mexia", "Marzia Mirabile", "Elena Paoletti", "Margarida Santos-Reis", "Paolo Semenzato", "Ursa Vilhar" ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph16081357", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The researchers developed an approach to assess allergenic potential using tree-species traits and green-space design. Common wind-pollinated species and planting density influenced assessed allergenicity.", "plainExplanation": "The researchers developed an approach to assess allergenic potential using tree-species traits and green-space design. Common wind-pollinated species and planting density influenced assessed allergenicity.", "why": "Species choice can help balance greening with respiratory accessibility.", "everydayExample": "A housing landscape designer could compare allergenic potential before specifying a large single-species planting.", "caveat": "The index estimates potential allergenicity; it is not a clinical prediction of symptoms for a particular resident.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6517926/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC6517926", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC6517926/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4957, "sourceSha256": "b04801d7bc237857dc6d98c45e161c33d263c6fcf7d62d28788662a0b1ef70b6" }, { "id": "tv54", "topic": "trees", "tags": [ "trees" ], "title": "A single tree model to consistently simulate cooling, shading, and pollution uptake of urban trees", "authors": "Pace R; De Fino F; Rahman MA; Pauleit S; Nowak DJ; Grote R", "authorNames": [ "Pace R", "De Fino F", "Rahman MA", "Pauleit S", "Nowak DJ", "Grote R" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1007/s00484-020-02030-8", "journal": "International Journal of Biometeorology", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "A process-based single-tree model represented shade, transpiration and pollution uptake together. Including soil-water availability allowed drought to affect the simulated cooling and pollutant-removal functions consistently.", "plainExplanation": "A process-based single-tree model represented shade, transpiration and pollution uptake together. Including soil-water availability allowed drought to affect the simulated cooling and pollutant-removal functions consistently.", "why": "Tree performance depends on physiological condition as well as canopy size.", "everydayExample": "A drought-stressed tree may retain shade while its transpiration changes.", "caveat": "Modelled ecosystem services depend on parameter choices, species and site conditions; they are not guaranteed measured benefits at a home.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7822804/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7822804", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7822804/fullTextXML", "license": "Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7369, "sourceSha256": "94584109bbaf4e26dabe36167e04a899fdd6712ef66983091555172e94bc31b3" }, { "id": "tv55", "topic": "trees", "tags": [ "trees" ], "title": "Residential Exposure to Urban Trees and Medication Sales for Mood Disorders and Cardiovascular Disease in Brussels, Belgium: An Ecological Study", "authors": "Dengkai Chi; Raf Aerts; An Van Nieuwenhuyse; Mariska Bauwelinck; Claire Demoury; Michelle Plusquin; Tim S. Nawrot; Lidia Casas; Ben Somers", "authorNames": [ "Dengkai Chi", "Raf Aerts", "An Van Nieuwenhuyse", "Mariska Bauwelinck", "Claire Demoury", "Michelle Plusquin", "Tim S. Nawrot", "Lidia Casas", "Ben Somers" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1289/ehp9924", "journal": "Environmental Health Perspectives", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "In Brussels, neighbourhood tree density and crown volume were associated with medication sales for cardiovascular and mood conditions. Joint models suggested that larger crowns on fewer trees could differ from similar crown volume spread across many smaller trees.", "plainExplanation": "In Brussels, neighbourhood tree density and crown volume were associated with medication sales for cardiovascular and mood conditions. Joint models suggested that larger crowns on fewer trees could differ from similar crown volume spread across many smaller trees.", "why": "Mature-tree structure may matter beyond simple tree counts.", "everydayExample": "A redevelopment assessment could examine the consequences of losing large trees despite planting many saplings.", "caveat": "Medication sales are aggregated health proxies; the ecological study cannot establish individual health effects or causation.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9093162/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9093162", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9093162/fullTextXML", "license": "https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/about-ehp/licenseEHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted.", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6931, "sourceSha256": "2e10e7f713a349e1aef77bc1be0bcc707375621cf05413dddc956e88629b9e60" }, { "id": "tv56", "topic": "trees", "tags": [ "trees" ], "title": "Effects of tree canopy on psychological distress: A repeated cross-sectional study before and during the COVID-19 epidemic", "authors": "Chang Zhang; Cheng Wang; Chao Chen; Liyuan Tao; Jiali Jin; Ziyan Wang; Baoquan Jia", "authorNames": [ "Chang Zhang", "Cheng Wang", "Chao Chen", "Liyuan Tao", "Jiali Jin", "Ziyan Wang", "Baoquan Jia" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.envres.2021.111795", "journal": "Environmental Research", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Repeated Beijing surveys associated greater residential tree canopy with less psychological distress, while distress increased during the COVID-19 epidemic. The canopy relationship differed across questionnaire domains and circumstances.", "plainExplanation": "Repeated Beijing surveys associated greater residential tree canopy with less psychological distress, while distress increased during the COVID-19 epidemic. The canopy relationship differed across questionnaire domains and circumstances.", "why": "Accessible residential greenery may support wellbeing during stressful periods.", "everydayExample": "A resident could value nearby visible trees when outdoor movement is restricted.", "caveat": "Repeated cross-sectional surveys do not follow every individual's change or prove that canopy caused better mental health.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8603199/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8603199", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8603199/fullTextXML", "license": "Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5462, "sourceSha256": "29fd1274fe74ffbc1cbcec4d2b5714d70b08b8fa10d90f45c653bb8e724e2517" }, { "id": "tv57", "topic": "trees", "tags": [ "trees" ], "title": "Tree Canopy Cover Is Best Associated with Perceptions of Greenspace: A Short Communication", "authors": "Soumya Mazumdar; Alison Dunshea; Shanley Chong; Bin Jalaludin", "authorNames": [ "Soumya Mazumdar", "Alison Dunshea", "Shanley Chong", "Bin Jalaludin" ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph17186501", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "In an Australian residential survey, objective and perceived greenery agreed poorly overall. Tree canopy within a ten-minute walking area aligned with perceived greenspace better than the other tested objective measures.", "plainExplanation": "In an Australian residential survey, objective and perceived greenery agreed poorly overall. Tree canopy within a ten-minute walking area aligned with perceived greenspace better than the other tested objective measures.", "why": "Residents' experience of greenery may differ from a broad satellite greenness score.", "everydayExample": "Ask residents about the trees they see and use along daily routes.", "caveat": "The study is local and survey-based; perceived greenery is not a direct measure of cooling or health improvement.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7558589/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7558589", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7558589/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 3209, "sourceSha256": "a1e6a07a370c6f17e12482e079eabdaa2f5e1632ea34b30d65fd09de79352334" }, { "id": "tv58", "topic": "trees", "tags": [ "trees" ], "title": "Turgor loss point and vulnerability to xylem embolism predict species‐specific risk of drought‐induced decline of urban trees", "authors": "Petruzzellis F; Tordoni E; Di Bonaventura A; Tomasella M; Natale S; Panepinto F; Bacaro G; Nardini A", "authorNames": [ "Petruzzellis F", "Tordoni E", "Di Bonaventura A", "Tomasella M", "Natale S", "Panepinto F", "Bacaro G", "Nardini A" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1111/plb.13355", "journal": "Plant Biology (Stuttgart, Germany)", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The study linked urban-tree drought decline risk with physiological indicators of water-stress tolerance. Species with less drought-resistant hydraulic traits tended to face greater risk.", "plainExplanation": "The study linked urban-tree drought decline risk with physiological indicators of water-stress tolerance. Species with less drought-resistant hydraulic traits tended to face greater risk.", "why": "Selecting climate-suitable species helps protect future shade provision.", "everydayExample": "A planting scheme can compare drought tolerance alongside mature size and available soil space.", "caveat": "Trait-based risk relationships do not guarantee survival; establishment, soil, maintenance and local extremes also influence outcomes.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10078640/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC10078640", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10078640/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 8600, "sourceSha256": "bebc897ffb9a9c977a01a958de91974e85d09c95dfe8406afe6b3184e3d49830" }, { "id": "tv59", "topic": "trees", "tags": [ "trees" ], "title": "Irrigated urban trees exhibit greater functional trait plasticity compared to natural stands", "authors": "Ibsen PC; Santiago LS; Shiflett SA; Chandler M; Jenerette GD", "authorNames": [ "Ibsen PC", "Santiago LS", "Shiflett SA", "Chandler M", "Jenerette GD" ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1098/rsbl.2022.0448", "journal": "Biology Letters", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Comparing irrigated urban trees with natural stands showed that urban water availability could increase flexibility in plant traits. Trees in irrigated settings did not necessarily behave like those in their native ecosystems.", "plainExplanation": "Comparing irrigated urban trees with natural stands showed that urban water availability could increase flexibility in plant traits. Trees in irrigated settings did not necessarily behave like those in their native ecosystems.", "why": "Irrigation changes tree function and the assumptions behind planting advice.", "everydayExample": "Do not transfer a species' performance in an irrigated park directly to an unirrigated garden.", "caveat": "Trait observations do not directly quantify cooling savings, and water-rich settings may not represent sustainable local irrigation options.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9810417/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9810417", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9810417/fullTextXML", "license": "Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4092, "sourceSha256": "e3ee3c5c117ec28ee0ac394cd637e513878d9fb23f56f9dc0dc8d4d637b12edb" }, { "id": "tv60", "topic": "trees", "tags": [ "trees" ], "title": "The potential of urban trees to reduce heat-related mortality in London", "authors": "Taylor J; Simpson C; Brousse O; Viitanen AK; Heaviside C", "authorNames": [ "Taylor J", "Simpson C", "Brousse O", "Viitanen AK", "Heaviside C" ], "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1088/1748-9326/ad3a7e", "journal": "Environmental Research Letters", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "London weather-station comparisons associated higher canopy with lower heat exposure, including during 2022 heatwaves. Scenario modelling translated these temperature relationships into potential reductions in heat-related deaths.", "plainExplanation": "London weather-station comparisons associated higher canopy with lower heat exposure, including during 2022 heatwaves. Scenario modelling translated these temperature relationships into potential reductions in heat-related deaths.", "why": "Canopy can form part of wider heat-health planning.", "everydayExample": "Target shade improvements near vulnerable housing alongside cooling access and outreach.", "caveat": "Temperature relationships were associative, and mortality benefits were modelled; they should not be described as deaths directly observed to be prevented.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11009716/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC11009716", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11009716/fullTextXML", "license": "Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6966, "sourceSha256": "f2b3de5a0a5f21c0b4b0f00441abc74d72f925fef2b70bdfb008e51e4b3f48f7" }, { "id": "tv61", "topic": "trees", "tags": [ "trees" ], "title": "Decoupling forest characteristics and background conditions to explain urban-rural variations of multiple microclimate regulation from urban trees", "authors": "Wang W; Zhang B; Xiao L; Zhou W; Wang H; He X", "authorNames": [ "Wang W", "Zhang B", "Xiao L", "Zhou W", "Wang H", "He X" ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.7717/peerj.5450", "journal": "PeerJ", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Measurements across an urban-rural gradient found that tree-related shading, cooling and humidification varied with weather, surrounding conditions and forest characteristics. Weather explained much of the variation.", "plainExplanation": "Measurements across an urban-rural gradient found that tree-related shading, cooling and humidification varied with weather, surrounding conditions and forest characteristics. Weather explained much of the variation.", "why": "A tree's effects depend on its wider setting.", "everydayExample": "A garden tree in a sheltered city block may perform differently from the same species at a rural edge.", "caveat": "The reported maxima are context-specific measurements, not universal cooling values for every tree or property.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6098947/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC6098947", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC6098947/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 8552, "sourceSha256": "d655e2da80e20379f85d82c846b8eac8fa922fd1e0ee662d76686ab0f9f82a8b" }, { "id": "tv62", "topic": "trees", "tags": [ "trees" ], "title": "Ecohydrology of urban trees under passive and active irrigation in a semiarid city", "authors": "Luketich AM; Papuga SA; Crimmins MA", "authorNames": [ "Luketich AM", "Papuga SA", "Crimmins MA" ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0224804", "journal": "PLoS ONE", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "In a semiarid city, stormwater-fed bioswales could improve deeper soil moisture, while actively irrigated mesquite showed benefits during dry spring conditions. The study did not establish that deeper moisture controlled productivity more strongly than shallow moisture.", "plainExplanation": "In a semiarid city, stormwater-fed bioswales could improve deeper soil moisture, while actively irrigated mesquite showed benefits during dry spring conditions. The study did not establish that deeper moisture controlled productivity more strongly than shallow moisture.", "why": "Stormwater design can support trees, but seasonal water needs remain important.", "everydayExample": "A suitable rain garden could direct runoff toward trees rather than straight to a drain.", "caveat": "Species, season and local runoff conditions constrain transfer; this was not a household energy-saving trial.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6839877/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC6839877", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC6839877/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7111, "sourceSha256": "c0589be28d78ab258a9a4bcc86938122c963a973b9d8bdf6b5ecfa345ed38af2" }, { "id": "tv63", "topic": "trees", "tags": [ "trees" ], "title": "Changes in morphological and physiological traits of urban trees in response to elevated temperatures within an Urban Heat Island", "authors": "Johanna Andrea Martínez-Villa; Alain Paquette; Kenneth J Feeley; Paula Andrea Morales-Morales; Christian Messier; Sandra M Durán", "authorNames": [ "Johanna Andrea Martínez-Villa", "Alain Paquette", "Kenneth J Feeley", "Paula Andrea Morales-Morales", "Christian Messier", "Sandra M Durán" ], "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1093/treephys/tpae145", "journal": "Tree Physiology", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Urban-tree species showed different physiological responses to hotter conditions within a heat island. Only some adjusted their temperature-related photosynthetic traits, suggesting that many species may struggle to acclimate fully.", "plainExplanation": "Urban-tree species showed different physiological responses to hotter conditions within a heat island. Only some adjusted their temperature-related photosynthetic traits, suggesting that many species may struggle to acclimate fully.", "why": "Long-term planting should consider tolerance of future heat.", "everydayExample": "Choose replacement trees for expected site conditions rather than appearance alone.", "caveat": "Species-level physiological measurements do not establish future survival or cooling outcomes for every planting location.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11647596/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC11647596", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11647596/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 8406, "sourceSha256": "d042149b961e185814081f75b2519070f91a14fa94e5ac495a6b9106a11849e9" }, { "id": "tv64", "topic": "trees", "tags": [ "trees" ], "title": "A scaling law for predicting urban trees canopy cooling efficiency", "authors": "Jia Wang; Weiqi Zhou; Steward T. A. Pickett; Yuguo Qian", "authorNames": [ "Jia Wang", "Weiqi Zhou", "Steward T. A. Pickett", "Yuguo Qian" ], "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.2401210121", "journal": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Across several cities, estimated canopy cooling efficiency changed systematically with the spatial scale of analysis. Larger analytical areas produced different cooling-per-canopy relationships from small grids.", "plainExplanation": "Across several cities, estimated canopy cooling efficiency changed systematically with the spatial scale of analysis. Larger analytical areas produced different cooling-per-canopy relationships from small grids.", "why": "A cooling estimate depends partly on the area over which it was calculated.", "everydayExample": "A citywide canopy target cannot be converted directly into a garden's temperature benefit.", "caveat": "The scaling relationship uses remotely sensed surface temperatures and selected cities; it does not directly predict indoor air temperatures.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11572964/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC11572964", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11572964/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 2773, "sourceSha256": "0e36a26be1876e14e616650ffd99aac133918eb771fee4af4ac4e2283e6df1b4" }, { "id": "tv65", "topic": "trees", "tags": [ "trees" ], "title": "Satisfaction with urban trees associates with tree canopy cover and tree visibility around the home", "authors": "Ordóñez C; Labib SM; Chung L; Conway TM", "authorNames": [ "Ordóñez C", "Labib SM", "Chung L", "Conway TM" ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1038/s42949-023-00119-8", "journal": "Npj Urban Sustainability", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The survey found that canopy coverage and tree visibility around homes were associated with residents' satisfaction with urban trees. Satellite greenness alone did not show the same significant association.", "plainExplanation": "The survey found that canopy coverage and tree visibility around homes were associated with residents' satisfaction with urban trees. Satellite greenness alone did not show the same significant association.", "why": "Visible, nearby trees may matter differently from overall vegetation quantity.", "everydayExample": "A resident may appreciate a street tree seen from a window more than distant greenery.", "caveat": "Survey associations cannot prove causation, and satisfaction is not a direct measure of thermal performance.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11041773/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC11041773", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11041773/fullTextXML", "license": "Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6580, "sourceSha256": "791f05670d99648cae00043a44d622569febd3bfe78d309284297f9c5de5788c" }, { "id": "tv66", "topic": "trees", "tags": [ "trees" ], "title": "Variation the in relationship between urban tree canopy and air temperature reduction under a range of daily weather conditions", "authors": "Locke DH; Baker M; Alonzo M; Yang Y; Ziter CD; Murphy-Dunning C; O'Neil-Dunne JPM", "authorNames": [ "Locke DH", "Baker M", "Alonzo M", "Yang Y", "Ziter CD", "Murphy-Dunning C", "O'Neil-Dunne JPM" ], "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25041", "journal": "Heliyon", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Mobile air-temperature measurements showed stronger canopy-related cooling during clear daytime conditions and weaker relationships at night or under cloud. The canopy-temperature relationship therefore changed with daily weather.", "plainExplanation": "Mobile air-temperature measurements showed stronger canopy-related cooling during clear daytime conditions and weaker relationships at night or under cloud. The canopy-temperature relationship therefore changed with daily weather.", "why": "Tree cooling should be discussed by time and weather, not as one constant value.", "everydayExample": "Daytime shade may help a courtyard while nighttime bedroom cooling still needs separate attention.", "caveat": "Sampling coverage and local weather constrain generalisation; measured outdoor cooling is not automatically an equal indoor reduction.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10862499/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC10862499", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10862499/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7907, "sourceSha256": "7fcc093d223e3e759fa2eeb6763af05b8357b00fc89023b52d383b90264222e4" }, { "id": "tv67", "topic": "trees", "tags": [ "trees" ], "title": "Optimizing urban park cooling effects requires balancing morphological design and landscape structure", "authors": "Wang L; Wang W; Tang F; Xu H", "authorNames": [ "Wang L", "Wang W", "Tang F", "Xu H" ], "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-98249-9", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The park analysis found that cooling depended on both park form and internal landscape structure. The authors argued that enlarging parks alone was insufficient without attention to imperviousness, boundary design and vegetation.", "plainExplanation": "The park analysis found that cooling depended on both park form and internal landscape structure. The authors argued that enlarging parks alone was insufficient without attention to imperviousness, boundary design and vegetation.", "why": "Park design matters alongside park area.", "everydayExample": "A housing community could compare planting layout and paved paths before simply enlarging a lawn.", "caveat": "Cooling indicators come from a specific observational analysis; design associations are not guaranteed intervention effects everywhere.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12048533/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC12048533", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC12048533/fullTextXML", "license": "Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7945, "sourceSha256": "71d97fd025dbe258ade4a503eff16225bfb5a7cafa1474b5b1c20a7ff157ca0d" }, { "id": "tv68", "topic": "trees", "tags": [ "trees" ], "title": "Study on the influence of urban tree canopy on thermal environment in Luoping County", "authors": "Dai JP; Qin JZ; Zhou T; Qin XJ; Zhu K; Peng JS", "authorNames": [ "Dai JP", "Qin JZ", "Zhou T", "Qin XJ", "Zhu K", "Peng JS" ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-40449-2", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "In Luoping, tree-canopy patches were cooler at the surface than several other land-cover types. Patch area and perimeter related differently to internal temperature and the spatial cooling pattern.", "plainExplanation": "In Luoping, tree-canopy patches were cooler at the surface than several other land-cover types. Patch area and perimeter related differently to internal temperature and the spatial cooling pattern.", "why": "The shape and size of planted areas can influence their thermal context.", "everydayExample": "Compare a narrow tree strip with a broader shaded communal garden.", "caveat": "The analysis was restricted to one built-up area and selected observation conditions; it does not establish household air-temperature savings.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10432545/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC10432545", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10432545/fullTextXML", "license": "Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4458, "sourceSha256": "f686c0b41d6a1335dbe5c8102f45bab372d9c62226c8cf1313f1c2dfdbb39e3c" }, { "id": "tv69", "topic": "trees", "tags": [ "trees" ], "title": "Evaluation and optimization of park cooling benefits based on cumulative impact and landscape pattern", "authors": "Xiong Y; Xie X; Yang Y", "authorNames": [ "Xiong Y", "Xie X", "Yang Y" ], "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-024-76386-x", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The Nanjing park study assessed several cooling indicators and linked them to landscape patterns. It used these relationships to explore configurations that could extend cooling benefits to more residents.", "plainExplanation": "The Nanjing park study assessed several cooling indicators and linked them to landscape patterns. It used these relationships to explore configurations that could extend cooling benefits to more residents.", "why": "A park's cooling reach and intensity are different planning questions.", "everydayExample": "Consider which residential streets lie within a park's influence, not only its coolest central spot.", "caveat": "The analysis relies on summer satellite surface temperatures and statistical optimisation rather than measured changes after park redesign.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11499996/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC11499996", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11499996/fullTextXML", "license": "Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7094, "sourceSha256": "a109ee782701d27692ff6fd70d3258c4c7b78d7186dfded2740d7433cdf1839f" }, { "id": "tv70", "topic": "trees", "tags": [ "trees" ], "title": "Urban Tree Canopy and Environmental Justice: Examining the Distributional Equity of Urban Tree Canopy in Guangzhou, China", "authors": "Zhuang Y; Xie D; Yu X", "authorNames": [ "Zhuang Y", "Xie D", "Yu X" ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph20054050", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "In Guangzhou, tree canopy was positively associated with house prices. Low-canopy clusters occurred in older residential areas, while higher-canopy clusters were common in more expensive housing estates.", "plainExplanation": "In Guangzhou, tree canopy was positively associated with house prices. Low-canopy clusters occurred in older residential areas, while higher-canopy clusters were common in more expensive housing estates.", "why": "Equitable greening requires attention to where planting is provided.", "everydayExample": "Prioritise public shade in older rental districts as well as landscaped private developments.", "caveat": "House price is an imperfect socioeconomic proxy, and area-level associations do not establish individual household circumstances.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10001874/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC10001874", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10001874/fullTextXML", "license": "Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6294, "sourceSha256": "8f81e59b3dc4b8b83f07685e55a68488dbe702bfdd258e9a376564840926af8c" }, { "id": "tv71", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "Plant Species and Functional Group Combinations Affect Green Roof Ecosystem Functions", "authors": "Jeremy Lundholm; J. Scott MacIvor; Zachary MacDougall; Melissa Ranalli", "authorNames": [ "Jeremy Lundholm", "J. Scott MacIvor", "Zachary MacDougall", "Melissa Ranalli" ], "year": 2010, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0009677", "journal": "PLoS ONE", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Green-roof experiments found that particular combinations of plant life forms improved several ecosystem functions. Diversity alone was insufficient: some mixtures performed poorly, while combinations including succulents, grasses and tall flowering plants performed well.", "plainExplanation": "Green-roof experiments found that particular combinations of plant life forms improved several ecosystem functions. Diversity alone was insufficient: some mixtures performed poorly, while combinations including succulents, grasses and tall flowering plants performed well.", "why": "Plant selection influences how a green roof functions.", "everydayExample": "Compare a mixed planting design with a single-species roof using the project's actual performance goals.", "caveat": "Experimental planting results do not establish structural suitability, waterproofing performance or household energy savings for a complete roof.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2837352/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC2837352", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC2837352/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6239, "sourceSha256": "388cf2b774fcf69b10083b9545b1a963a8363d00a11211ed499775ba28c2e602" }, { "id": "tv72", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "The modifying effect of the building envelope on population exposure to PM2.5 from outdoor sources", "authors": "J Taylor; C Shrubsole; M Davies; P Biddulph; P Das; I Hamilton; S Vardoulakis; A Mavrogianni; B Jones; E Oikonomou", "authorNames": [ "J Taylor", "C Shrubsole", "M Davies", "P Biddulph", "P Das", "I Hamilton", "S Vardoulakis", "A Mavrogianni", "B Jones", "E Oikonomou" ], "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1111/ina.12116", "journal": "Indoor Air", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "London housing simulations showed that envelope characteristics and window opening affected indoor exposure to outdoor fine particles. Flats generally had lower modelled indoor-outdoor ratios than detached or semi-detached dwellings.", "plainExplanation": "London housing simulations showed that envelope characteristics and window opening affected indoor exposure to outdoor fine particles. Flats generally had lower modelled indoor-outdoor ratios than detached or semi-detached dwellings.", "why": "Ventilation and pollution need consideration alongside heat loss.", "everydayExample": "Before opening windows for cooling, consider nearby traffic and suitable filtered ventilation options.", "caveat": "The study modelled outdoor-source particles and assumed occupant behaviour; it does not measure every home's actual indoor air quality.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4278446/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC4278446", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC4278446/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5924, "sourceSha256": "d4f4be2b43bb14b257d230cecf403c09f87f5ab63c14ea0048a8aac009c91eb4" }, { "id": "tv73", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "Research of Wood Waste as a Potential Filler for Loose-Fill Building Insulation: Appropriate Selection and Incorporation into Polyurethane Biocomposite Foams", "authors": "Nerijus Augaitis; Saulius Vaitkus; Sylwia Członka; Agnė Kairytė", "authorNames": [ "Nerijus Augaitis", "Saulius Vaitkus", "Sylwia Członka", "Agnė Kairytė" ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.3390/ma13235336", "journal": "Materials", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Laboratory tests identified wood shavings as a promising waste-derived insulation filler. Combining the selected filler with an appropriate polyurethane binder improved thermal, water-absorption and strength performance compared with less suitable formulations.", "plainExplanation": "Laboratory tests identified wood shavings as a promising waste-derived insulation filler. Combining the selected filler with an appropriate polyurethane binder improved thermal, water-absorption and strength performance compared with less suitable formulations.", "why": "Recycled content alone is not enough to judge an insulation material.", "everydayExample": "Ask for tested conductivity and moisture performance when comparing waste-based insulation products.", "caveat": "The findings concern experimental materials and formulations, not a certified whole-wall system or demonstrated long-term field durability.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7728156/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7728156", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7728156/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5956, "sourceSha256": "2ab04d6cad9fdc2fe3780dd6160d461a61920517fa0c75dc14da60e51dd5d9b0" }, { "id": "tv74", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "Bioinspired Super Thermal Insulating, Strong and Low Carbon Cement Aerogel for Building Envelope", "authors": "Du F; Zhu W; Yang R; Zhang Y; Wang J; Li W; Zuo W; Zhang L; Chen L; She W; Li T", "authorNames": [ "Du F", "Zhu W", "Yang R", "Zhang Y", "Wang J", "Li W", "Zuo W", "Zhang L", "Chen L", "She W", "Li T" ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1002/advs.202300340", "journal": "Advanced Science", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The researchers developed a low-density cement-based aerogel combining low thermal conductivity with mechanical strength and laboratory fire resistance. Their processing approach also reduced estimated embodied carbon relative to conventional cement.", "plainExplanation": "The researchers developed a low-density cement-based aerogel combining low thermal conductivity with mechanical strength and laboratory fire resistance. Their processing approach also reduced estimated embodied carbon relative to conventional cement.", "why": "New insulation materials can target thermal and embodied-carbon performance together.", "everydayExample": "Compare a proposed material's tested insulation value with its strength and production impacts.", "caveat": "Laboratory properties and production comparisons do not establish commercial availability, code approval or lifetime performance in an occupied home.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10288245/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC10288245", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10288245/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5072, "sourceSha256": "d2422a564dfec7b38a0b777e0ce228ca688a1bc93386aff424f2ccb7942ca585" }, { "id": "tv75", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "Synergistic Fire Hazard Effect of a Multifunctional Flame Retardant in Building Insulation Expandable Polystyrene through a Simple Surface-Coating Method", "authors": "Lin Li; Xiaoming Shao; Zheng Zhao; Xiaolin Liu; Licong Jiang; Kai Huang; Shuai Zhao", "authorNames": [ "Lin Li", "Xiaoming Shao", "Zheng Zhao", "Xiaolin Liu", "Licong Jiang", "Kai Huang", "Shuai Zhao" ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1021/acsomega.9b03541", "journal": "ACS Omega", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "A protective coating improved laboratory flame-retardancy and smoke-related performance of expanded-polystyrene insulation without degrading its tested thermal-insulation performance. Outcomes depended on the coating formulation.", "plainExplanation": "A protective coating improved laboratory flame-retardancy and smoke-related performance of expanded-polystyrene insulation without degrading its tested thermal-insulation performance. Outcomes depended on the coating formulation.", "why": "Fire behaviour is a separate specification question from insulation value.", "everydayExample": "When comparing foam insulation, request the relevant assembly-level fire test and installation requirements.", "caveat": "Small-scale material tests do not establish safety of every installed wall or roof assembly, and this is not a do-it-yourself coating recommendation.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6964526/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC6964526", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC6964526/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes.", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 3545, "sourceSha256": "0ad3804422bc06bd7fc286ca32924a00c1ef9eba7e066ed4d9cf6513a30d8ee1" }, { "id": "tv76", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "Multifunctionality is affected by interactions between green roof plant species, substrate depth, and substrate type", "authors": "Yann Dusza; Sébastien Barot; Yvan Kraepiel; Jean‐Christophe Lata; Luc Abbadie; Xavier Raynaud", "authorNames": [ "Yann Dusza", "Sébastien Barot", "Yvan Kraepiel", "Jean‐Christophe Lata", "Luc Abbadie", "Xavier Raynaud" ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1002/ece3.2691", "journal": "Ecology and Evolution", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Green-roof experiments found trade-offs among plant biomass, water retention and nutrient leaching. Plant species, substrate depth and substrate type interacted, and no single combination maximised every tested function.", "plainExplanation": "Green-roof experiments found trade-offs among plant biomass, water retention and nutrient leaching. Plant species, substrate depth and substrate type interacted, and no single combination maximised every tested function.", "why": "A green roof should be designed around explicit priorities.", "everydayExample": "A roof prioritising runoff retention may need a different substrate and maintenance plan from one prioritising low nutrient discharge.", "caveat": "Experimental modules cannot reproduce every full-roof condition, climate or long-term maintenance regime.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5383477/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC5383477", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5383477/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6399, "sourceSha256": "ce85afd09aef48c6f00313b8bda8f9d0c9c8d499a8ff8a44c58560f82fce8a29" }, { "id": "tv77", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "Analysis of Sheep Wool-Based Composites for Building Insulation", "authors": "Tünde-Orsolya Dénes; Raluca Iştoan; Daniela Roxana Tǎmaş-Gavrea; Daniela Lucia Manea; Andreea Hegyi; Florin Popa; Ovidiu Vasile", "authorNames": [ "Tünde-Orsolya Dénes", "Raluca Iştoan", "Daniela Roxana Tǎmaş-Gavrea", "Daniela Lucia Manea", "Andreea Hegyi", "Florin Popa", "Ovidiu Vasile" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.3390/polym14102109", "journal": "Polymers", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The tested wool-based composites met the study's national thermal-performance criteria and showed useful sound absorption. They also had vulnerabilities in water-related and microorganism tests.", "plainExplanation": "The tested wool-based composites met the study's national thermal-performance criteria and showed useful sound absorption. They also had vulnerabilities in water-related and microorganism tests.", "why": "Natural insulation still needs moisture and durability assessment.", "everydayExample": "A homeowner comparing wool products should ask about moisture control and biological resistance as well as thermal resistance.", "caveat": "Results concern specific experimental composites and binders; they do not apply automatically to every commercial wool insulation product.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9143407/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9143407", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9143407/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6639, "sourceSha256": "818f125450cad0f85ffc475814f31daa080e507e9d0d5740c6dc3c6175d7f6fb" }, { "id": "tv78", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "Manipulating plant phylogenetic diversity for green roof ecosystem service delivery", "authors": "J. Scott MacIvor; Nicholas Sookhan; Carlos A. Arnillas; Anushree Bhatt; Shameek Das; Simone‐Louise E. Yasui; Garland Xie; Marc W. Cadotte", "authorNames": [ "J. Scott MacIvor", "Nicholas Sookhan", "Carlos A. Arnillas", "Anushree Bhatt", "Shameek Das", "Simone‐Louise E. Yasui", "Garland Xie", "Marc W. Cadotte" ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1111/eva.12703", "journal": "Evolutionary Applications", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The green-roof study explored whether evolutionary diversity among plants could improve ecosystem-service delivery. It showed that planting-performance relationships depended on site, supporting the inclusion of multiple roofs in evaluation.", "plainExplanation": "The green-roof study explored whether evolutionary diversity among plants could improve ecosystem-service delivery. It showed that planting-performance relationships depended on site, supporting the inclusion of multiple roofs in evaluation.", "why": "A planting mix successful on one roof may need adjustment elsewhere.", "everydayExample": "Trial a planting combination on a small appropriate area before assuming identical results across differently exposed roofs.", "caveat": "Modules were studied over one season, limiting conclusions about long-term persistence and performance.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6231477/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC6231477", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC6231477/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5284, "sourceSha256": "34b59db4243c4bf659f49e4aa221485fa316ea0b8ddc3f61558eeb733d2a0469" }, { "id": "tv79", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "Green roof and energy – role of climate and design elements in hot and temperate climates", "authors": "E. Jamei; H.W. Chau; M. Seyedmahmoudian; S. Saad Mekhilef; F. Alzahraa Sami", "authorNames": [ "E. Jamei", "H.W. Chau", "M. Seyedmahmoudian", "S. Saad Mekhilef", "F. Alzahraa Sami" ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15917", "journal": "Heliyon", "method": "Review", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "This review found that green-roof energy performance varied with climate and design. Cooling-load savings differed across hot-humid, hot-dry and temperate settings, with substrate and vegetation choices influencing results.", "plainExplanation": "This review found that green-roof energy performance varied with climate and design. Cooling-load savings differed across hot-humid, hot-dry and temperate settings, with substrate and vegetation choices influencing results.", "why": "Green roofs do not deliver one standard percentage of energy savings.", "everydayExample": "Compare evidence from a climate and roof assembly similar to the building being considered.", "caveat": "The review combines studies with different buildings and methods; reported averages are not a forecast for an individual home's bills.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10195912/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC10195912", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10195912/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "review-article", "sourceBodyWords": 8269, "sourceSha256": "d80d607f0ea37dd422371bd1b219d171b9f56d8818af322bb6699d9f0ffd0c69" }, { "id": "tv80", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "n-Octadecane/Fumed Silica Phase Change Composite as Building Envelope for High Energy Efficiency", "authors": "Giang Tien Nguyen; Ha Soo Hwang; Jiyoung Lee; Dong An Cha; In Park", "authorNames": [ "Giang Tien Nguyen", "Ha Soo Hwang", "Jiyoung Lee", "Dong An Cha", "In Park" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.3390/nano11030566", "journal": "Nanomaterials", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "In a lamp-heated test room, a phase-change composite roof panel delayed indoor warming more effectively than the comparison polystyrene panel. The material stored heat near its melting temperature.", "plainExplanation": "In a lamp-heated test room, a phase-change composite roof panel delayed indoor warming more effectively than the comparison polystyrene panel. The material stored heat near its melting temperature.", "why": "Thermal storage and insulation act differently and should be evaluated separately.", "everydayExample": "A phase-change panel might shift the timing of a temperature peak rather than eliminate heat entirely.", "caveat": "A small experimental room under lamp heating does not establish annual performance, fire suitability or savings in a full-sized home.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7996136/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7996136", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7996136/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4670, "sourceSha256": "08ef8bbf41a451d7b5218072d25ed2f89539a576a5020604367ec885ebf9dad8" }, { "id": "tv81", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "Identifying the Most Efficient Natural Fibre for Common Commercial Building Insulation Materials with an Integrated PSI, MEREC, LOPCOW and MCRAT Model", "authors": "Alptekin Ulutaş; Figen Balo; Ayşe Topal", "authorNames": [ "Alptekin Ulutaş", "Figen Balo", "Ayşe Topal" ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.3390/polym15061500", "journal": "Polymers", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The paper developed a multi-criteria method to rank natural-fibre insulation alternatives using several performance criteria. Its contribution was a decision framework rather than a new universal best insulation product.", "plainExplanation": "The paper developed a multi-criteria method to rank natural-fibre insulation alternatives using several performance criteria. Its contribution was a decision framework rather than a new universal best insulation product.", "why": "Material selection depends on which requirements and trade-offs are prioritised.", "everydayExample": "Compare thermal performance, moisture behaviour and other project criteria together rather than choosing by one score.", "caveat": "Rankings depend on the input data and decision method; they are not a substitute for product certification or climate-specific assembly design.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10058553/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC10058553", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10058553/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5740, "sourceSha256": "f1f5d38b949948a848cc04bd4f515218112514bef91120476efa09e682ca6f0b" }, { "id": "tv82", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "The Thermal and Mechanical Behaviour of Wood-PLA Composites Processed by Additive Manufacturing for Building Insulation", "authors": "Bahar A; Hamami AEA; Benmahiddine F; Belhabib S; Belarbi R; Guessasma S", "authorNames": [ "Bahar A", "Hamami AEA", "Benmahiddine F", "Belhabib S", "Belarbi R", "Guessasma S" ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.3390/polym15143056", "journal": "Polymers", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Tests of 3D-printed wood-PLA showed that printing infill affected thermal properties. Although the material's performance could be tuned, it remained less effective thermally than established insulation comparators in the study.", "plainExplanation": "Tests of 3D-printed wood-PLA showed that printing infill affected thermal properties. Although the material's performance could be tuned, it remained less effective thermally than established insulation comparators in the study.", "why": "A novel or bio-based material is not automatically the best insulator.", "everydayExample": "Check measured thermal performance before replacing a conventional insulation thickness with a printed component.", "caveat": "The results concern laboratory specimens and selected printing settings, without demonstrating whole-building savings or long-term durability.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10385560/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC10385560", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10385560/fullTextXML", "license": "Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7634, "sourceSha256": "665574370b19d940bb5f86493132bbc9960256c2917d0abc7b0282a320dc3078" }, { "id": "tv83", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "Comparing the hydrological performance of an irrigated native vegetation green roof with a conventional Sedum spp. green roof in New York City", "authors": "Shetty NH; Elliott RM; Wang M; Palmer MI; Culligan PJ", "authorNames": [ "Shetty NH", "Elliott RM", "Wang M", "Palmer MI", "Culligan PJ" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0266593", "journal": "PLoS ONE", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "In New York, an irrigated native-vegetation roof showed stronger stormwater-management capacity than the compared non-irrigated Sedum roof. Greater plant water use contributed under suitable moisture and climate conditions.", "plainExplanation": "In New York, an irrigated native-vegetation roof showed stronger stormwater-management capacity than the compared non-irrigated Sedum roof. Greater plant water use contributed under suitable moisture and climate conditions.", "why": "Roof planting and irrigation affect runoff as well as thermal behaviour.", "everydayExample": "A housing project can compare irrigation needs with its runoff-reduction goals.", "caveat": "Planting and irrigation differed together, so the result should not be attributed solely to native species or transferred unchanged to another climate.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9020694/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9020694", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9020694/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7414, "sourceSha256": "c634411cd4e942bffb4706607de34a7c1e110fa77bbcc54d3f3b3ade6c8f8a3f" }, { "id": "tv84", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "A High-Resolution Open Source Platform for Building Envelope Thermal Performance Assessment Using a Wireless Sensor Network", "authors": "Lihakanga R; Ding Y; Medero GM; Chapman S; Goussetis G", "authorNames": [ "Lihakanga R", "Ding Y", "Medero GM", "Chapman S", "Goussetis G" ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.3390/s20061755", "journal": "Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The authors developed and laboratory-tested an open-source wireless platform for measuring building-envelope thermal performance. It aimed to support continuous measurements at more locations than conventional isolated heat-flow testing.", "plainExplanation": "The authors developed and laboratory-tested an open-source wireless platform for measuring building-envelope thermal performance. It aimed to support continuous measurements at more locations than conventional isolated heat-flow testing.", "why": "Measured envelope performance can help identify problems that specifications alone miss.", "everydayExample": "A retrofit assessment could monitor several wall locations rather than rely on one reading.", "caveat": "Laboratory validation does not establish accuracy under every field condition; sensor installation and measurement interpretation require appropriate expertise.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7147601/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7147601", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7147601/fullTextXML", "license": "Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 3533, "sourceSha256": "9a533ee31edb698e81727a4d09861fae459e226ab345be7d79d832db714bdcc1" }, { "id": "tv85", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "Friends with benefits: The effects of vegetative shading on plant survival in a green roof environment", "authors": "Axton C. Aguiar; Sharon A. Robinson; Kristine French", "authorNames": [ "Axton C. Aguiar", "Sharon A. Robinson", "Kristine French" ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0225078", "journal": "PLoS ONE", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Green-roof experiments found that shade improved growth for many plants, while growing alongside a shading plant also appeared to offer benefits beyond shade alone.", "plainExplanation": "Green-roof experiments found that shade improved growth for many plants, while growing alongside a shading plant also appeared to offer benefits beyond shade alone.", "why": "Plant interactions can help roof vegetation survive difficult exposure.", "everydayExample": "A roof planting design could combine compatible taller and lower plants rather than expose every species equally.", "caveat": "The study used a particular substrate and limited species combinations; effects on building cooling and waterproofing were not established.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6855490/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC6855490", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC6855490/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4516, "sourceSha256": "5b1717f29253110d4e5df36f9b94a9fd9e918f48aa42a56ad60ead3862e1d279" }, { "id": "tv86", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "Development of a Green Roof Environmental Monitoring and Meteorological Network in New York City", "authors": "Gaffin SR; Khanbilvardi R; Rosenzweig C", "authorNames": [ "Gaffin SR", "Khanbilvardi R", "Rosenzweig C" ], "year": 2009, "doi": "10.3390/s90402647", "journal": "Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The paper described a New York network of instrumented green roofs, including sensors for weather and energy-balance measurements. It demonstrated a framework for studying roof performance at fine spatial scales.", "plainExplanation": "The paper described a New York network of instrumented green roofs, including sensors for weather and energy-balance measurements. It demonstrated a framework for studying roof performance at fine spatial scales.", "why": "Monitoring is needed to distinguish expected green-roof benefits from observed performance.", "everydayExample": "A community roof project could track rainfall, moisture and temperature before claiming savings.", "caveat": "This is principally a monitoring-system study; broad benefits discussed in the paper are not all independently measured intervention outcomes.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3348791/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC3348791", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC3348791/fullTextXML", "license": "This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4892, "sourceSha256": "144a089adc7ef1d26f856bc0378882aa8de564deba95a138a95d70bb30eaa11b" }, { "id": "tv87", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "3D printing for energy optimization of building envelope – Experimental results", "authors": "de Rubeis T; Ciccozzi A; Paoletti D; Ambrosini D", "authorNames": [ "de Rubeis T", "Ciccozzi A", "Paoletti D", "Ambrosini D" ], "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31107", "journal": "Heliyon", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Hot-box testing of three printed block geometries showed that internal cavity arrangement affected heat transfer. Adding horizontal partitions reduced the tested thermal transmittance relative to the simpler block.", "plainExplanation": "Hot-box testing of three printed block geometries showed that internal cavity arrangement affected heat transfer. Adding horizontal partitions reduced the tested thermal transmittance relative to the simpler block.", "why": "Internal geometry can change thermal performance even when outside dimensions look similar.", "everydayExample": "Compare tested U-values rather than assuming two hollow blocks insulate equally.", "caveat": "The small specimens were tested under steady laboratory conditions; results do not establish a complete wall's annual energy performance.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11128927/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC11128927", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11128927/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6672, "sourceSha256": "fd0ff9e6ca40813d7c043b8f7eb65a66b0130eedfdbb28d371189103db6d339f" }, { "id": "tv88", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "Development of a novel sandwich-structured composite from biopolymers and cellulose microfibers for building envelope applications", "authors": "Masoud Dadras Chomachayi; Pierre Blanchet; Atif Hussain; Simon Pepin", "authorNames": [ "Masoud Dadras Chomachayi", "Pierre Blanchet", "Atif Hussain", "Simon Pepin" ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-49273-0", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The researchers developed bio-based sandwich membranes for building envelopes. Modified cellulose microfibres improved barrier performance and retained properties better than untreated fibres after accelerated ageing.", "plainExplanation": "The researchers developed bio-based sandwich membranes for building envelopes. Modified cellulose microfibres improved barrier performance and retained properties better than untreated fibres after accelerated ageing.", "why": "Moisture-control layers need durability testing as well as low-impact materials.", "everydayExample": "Ask how a proposed membrane's vapour performance changes after ageing.", "caveat": "Accelerated material tests do not prove lifetime behaviour in every wall climate or establish compatibility with an existing assembly.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10713545/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC10713545", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10713545/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 8990, "sourceSha256": "839f8fec09a8875aad3079c8cfb0f654938bebc1040fe120e0c083bbeca1deab" }, { "id": "tv89", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "Bio-Based Rigid Polyurethane Foams Modified with C-MOF/MWCNTs and TBPBP as Building Insulation Materials: Synergistic Effect and Corresponding Mechanism for Enhancing Fire and Smoke Safety", "authors": "Bo G; Xu X; Tian X; Yan J; Su X; Yan Y", "authorNames": [ "Bo G", "Xu X", "Tian X", "Yan J", "Su X", "Yan Y" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.3390/polym14173630", "journal": "Polymers", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The study combined additives in bio-based rigid polyurethane foam to improve laboratory mechanical, thermal and fire-smoke properties. Some additive combinations performed better than others, showing that formulation mattered.", "plainExplanation": "The study combined additives in bio-based rigid polyurethane foam to improve laboratory mechanical, thermal and fire-smoke properties. Some additive combinations performed better than others, showing that formulation mattered.", "why": "Bio-based content and fire performance require separate evidence.", "everydayExample": "Compare tested products and relevant installed-assembly approvals rather than assuming all bio-based foam is equivalent.", "caveat": "Experimental material tests do not establish household exposure, installation safety or compliance of a finished wall or roof system.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9459931/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9459931", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9459931/fullTextXML", "license": "Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 8732, "sourceSha256": "8201d33169e4a2371041a4cd2496fd77b49609eee7a38300f6fa6e96c42d552e" }, { "id": "tv90", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "Analysis of Building Envelope Insulation Performance Utilizing Integrated Temperature and Humidity Sensors", "authors": "Hung SS; Chang CY; Hsu CJ; Chen SW", "authorNames": [ "Hung SS", "Chang CY", "Hsu CJ", "Chen SW" ], "year": 2012, "doi": "10.3390/s120708987", "journal": "Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Embedded temperature-humidity sensors monitored simulated wall and roof samples over time. The measurements showed that envelope temperature behaviour depended on materials, weather, orientation and solar conditions.", "plainExplanation": "Embedded temperature-humidity sensors monitored simulated wall and roof samples over time. The measurements showed that envelope temperature behaviour depended on materials, weather, orientation and solar conditions.", "why": "A wall's real performance reflects its exposure as well as its nominal insulation.", "everydayExample": "A west-facing wall may need different monitoring attention from a shaded wall using the same material.", "caveat": "The study used simulated assemblies and a specific sensing system; it did not demonstrate savings for an occupied dwelling.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3444087/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC3444087", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC3444087/fullTextXML", "license": "This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6036, "sourceSha256": "3c244d2a1d8d59614195e071ad418083acffa4f06314d9d5011f917ea790f1b0" }, { "id": "tv91", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "Development of predictive indices for evaluating the UHI adaptation potential of green roof- and wall-based scenarios in the Mediterranean climate", "authors": "Tiziana Susca; Jacopo Iaria; Fabio Zanghirella", "authorNames": [ "Tiziana Susca", "Jacopo Iaria", "Fabio Zanghirella" ], "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-024-67567-9", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The authors developed predictive indices for cooling from green roofs, green façades and living walls under selected Mediterranean urban conditions. Vegetation characteristics and building parameters influenced modelled performance differently for each system.", "plainExplanation": "The authors developed predictive indices for cooling from green roofs, green façades and living walls under selected Mediterranean urban conditions. Vegetation characteristics and building parameters influenced modelled performance differently for each system.", "why": "Different building-greening systems should be assessed separately.", "everydayExample": "Compare a roof garden and a planted façade using their actual exposure and design.", "caveat": "The indices have a restricted Mediterranean climate and urban-density range; small prediction errors within the dataset do not imply universal accuracy.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11408658/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC11408658", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11408658/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5135, "sourceSha256": "33fe205690d987a63bd6097a275b569e265d5eeebd5a18ae1ff308b92da18219" }, { "id": "tv92", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "Additive manufacturing of eco-friendly building insulation materials by recycling pulp and paper†", "authors": "Meng-Lun Lee; Arpita Sarkar; Zipeng Guo; Chi Zhou; Jason N. Armstrong; Shenqiang Ren", "authorNames": [ "Meng-Lun Lee", "Arpita Sarkar", "Zipeng Guo", "Chi Zhou", "Jason N. Armstrong", "Shenqiang Ren" ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1039/d3na00036b", "journal": "Nanoscale Advances", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The researchers produced recycled-cellulose and silica-aerogel composites with low thermal conductivity, mechanical flexibility and strong water repellency in laboratory tests. They also explored additive manufacturing of the material.", "plainExplanation": "The researchers produced recycled-cellulose and silica-aerogel composites with low thermal conductivity, mechanical flexibility and strong water repellency in laboratory tests. They also explored additive manufacturing of the material.", "why": "Waste-derived insulation can be assessed through several measurable properties.", "everydayExample": "Compare a new recycled product's conductivity and moisture testing with established alternatives.", "caveat": "Promising specimen properties do not establish commercial readiness, full assembly performance or long-term health and durability outcomes.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10153082/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC10153082", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10153082/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 2805, "sourceSha256": "321d24b1747b9e788b34fbfeedbbd6e94f943759160a82d666a64beacf1c80e2" }, { "id": "tv93", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "A study of green roof and impact on the temperature of buildings using integrated IoT system", "authors": "Tseng KH; Chung MY; Chen LH; Chou LA", "authorNames": [ "Tseng KH", "Chung MY", "Chen LH", "Chou LA" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-022-20552-6", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "A monitored tropical-campus green-energy roof study reported lower indoor and solar-module temperatures for the evaluated systems. The project combined roof interventions with an IoT measurement platform over its observation period.", "plainExplanation": "A monitored tropical-campus green-energy roof study reported lower indoor and solar-module temperatures for the evaluated systems. The project combined roof interventions with an IoT measurement platform over its observation period.", "why": "Roof design can influence both indoor conditions and rooftop equipment.", "everydayExample": "A building with solar panels could examine roof temperature and room temperature together.", "caveat": "The findings concern specific monitored roof systems and a limited period; they do not guarantee the same result for another home or climate.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9515095/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9515095", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9515095/fullTextXML", "license": "Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7879, "sourceSha256": "cebe67e54b5299729ff918b1a73e9e2634aa0baab73fe766c36032b7559336ed" }, { "id": "tv94", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "Fibre Optic FBG Sensors for Monitoring of the Temperature of the Building Envelope", "authors": "Janusz Juraszek; Patrycja Antonik-Popiołek", "authorNames": [ "Janusz Juraszek", "Patrycja Antonik-Popiołek" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.3390/ma14051207", "journal": "Materials", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Fibre-optic sensors successfully monitored temperatures within a building envelope. Comparisons with theoretical wall temperatures showed that agreement changed with outdoor humidity conditions, motivating a correction approach.", "plainExplanation": "Fibre-optic sensors successfully monitored temperatures within a building envelope. Comparisons with theoretical wall temperatures showed that agreement changed with outdoor humidity conditions, motivating a correction approach.", "why": "Modelled wall temperatures benefit from measurements under real weather conditions.", "everydayExample": "Investigate why measured heat flow differs from a design calculation before assuming insulation has failed.", "caveat": "Results depend on the tested wall, sensors and observation conditions; the proposed correction is not automatically valid for every assembly.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7961453/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7961453", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7961453/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4100, "sourceSha256": "ea7ec3d08a03d416e4a40cf582db377a05fc5368e0dc2e8e3b0f70a70dbcc7cf" }, { "id": "tv95", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "Enhancing the thermal performance of expanded polystyrene with radiant barrier foil boards for improved building insulation", "authors": "Paul O. Awoyera; Oluwarotimi Olofinnade; Shallom Olojede; Kennedy Onyelowe", "authorNames": [ "Paul O. Awoyera", "Oluwarotimi Olofinnade", "Shallom Olojede", "Kennedy Onyelowe" ], "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-04247-2", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Laboratory testing of polystyrene combined with radiant-barrier foil reported improved thermal and moisture-related performance compared with its baseline. The composite also showed changes in small-scale fire behaviour.", "plainExplanation": "Laboratory testing of polystyrene combined with radiant-barrier foil reported improved thermal and moisture-related performance compared with its baseline. The composite also showed changes in small-scale fire behaviour.", "why": "Reflective layers and insulation need evaluation as a designed system.", "everydayExample": "Check the tested assembly and required air spaces before interpreting a foil product's advertised performance.", "caveat": "The study used a small model under laboratory exposure; it does not establish code compliance or equivalent improvements in a full-sized house.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12215904/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC12215904", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC12215904/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5358, "sourceSha256": "4db17bac911c278fc0b9db1d3c5c4abf62fed40ebc4e1e08b0dd595c538e06c0" }, { "id": "tv96", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "Achieving net zero energy heating by integrating the building envelope as a thermal battery", "authors": "Zhi Y; Sun T; Gao D; Chen X; Wei G; Dai X; Yang X", "authorNames": [ "Zhi Y", "Sun T", "Gao D", "Chen X", "Wei G", "Dai X", "Yang X" ], "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.isci.2024.109892", "journal": "iScience", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The paper proposed using a building envelope as thermal storage for photovoltaic heating and assessed its performance through system analysis and modelling. It explored how stored heat could help match fluctuating solar supply with heating demand.", "plainExplanation": "The paper proposed using a building envelope as thermal storage for photovoltaic heating and assessed its performance through system analysis and modelling. It explored how stored heat could help match fluctuating solar supply with heating demand.", "why": "A building's fabric can play a role in energy storage as well as heat loss.", "everydayExample": "A solar-heating design could assess when heat is stored and released relative to occupancy.", "caveat": "System estimates and regional extrapolations are not evidence that an existing home can achieve net-zero heating without detailed redesign.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11134906/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC11134906", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11134906/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 9483, "sourceSha256": "dc6232a1dc2655ce24e681f39126e27e18eac24cd321519bb274475b69fa45a9" }, { "id": "tv97", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "Hygric Behavior of Viticulture By-Product Composites for Building Insulation", "authors": "Badouard C; Maalouf C; Bliard C; Polidori G; Bogard F", "authorNames": [ "Badouard C", "Maalouf C", "Bliard C", "Polidori G", "Bogard F" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.3390/ma15030815", "journal": "Materials", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Laboratory tests found that composites made from grape-production by-products and starch differed in vapour permeability and moisture buffering. Several formulations had strong moisture-regulation capacity under the test method.", "plainExplanation": "Laboratory tests found that composites made from grape-production by-products and starch differed in vapour permeability and moisture buffering. Several formulations had strong moisture-regulation capacity under the test method.", "why": "Bio-based insulation should be evaluated for moisture behaviour as well as conductivity.", "everydayExample": "Ask whether a proposed natural-fibre product suits the wall's expected humidity conditions.", "caveat": "Moisture-buffering tests alone do not establish mould resistance, assembly durability or whole-house humidity control.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8836677/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8836677", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8836677/fullTextXML", "license": "Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 3877, "sourceSha256": "e70a26c68e38a169ae15ef4ae3a7b5c57e1cd858ddcff6a6a5c6b4ec3f17cb20" }, { "id": "tv98", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "Parametric analysis of passive ultra-low energy building envelope performance in existing residential buildings", "authors": "Hui Fang; Wen-Ke Li; Peng Dai", "authorNames": [ "Hui Fang", "Wen-Ke Li", "Peng Dai" ], "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-07421-8", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "A Qingdao residential case analysis found that envelope improvements, including airtightness measures, strongly influenced modelled retrofit energy savings. The most extensive scenario substantially outperformed the original and preliminary-retrofit cases.", "plainExplanation": "A Qingdao residential case analysis found that envelope improvements, including airtightness measures, strongly influenced modelled retrofit energy savings. The most extensive scenario substantially outperformed the original and preliminary-retrofit cases.", "why": "Retrofit packages can interact rather than contribute identical independent savings.", "everydayExample": "Assess air sealing, insulation and openings together before estimating heating demand.", "caveat": "Large savings are specific to the modelled building and baseline; airtightness changes also require appropriate ventilation design.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12222843/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC12222843", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC12222843/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4427, "sourceSha256": "d4f6492be46b5121129872c7fd809b752a549375855da62ddb05c78b06c7dcbe" }, { "id": "tv99", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "Developing an integrated model relating substrate water content to indoor temperature reduction for irrigation-decision support of a green roof", "authors": "Pei-Yuan Chen; Chuan-Ching Pang; Guan-Yi Sung", "authorNames": [ "Pei-Yuan Chen", "Chuan-Ching Pang", "Guan-Yi Sung" ], "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33983", "journal": "Heliyon", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The authors combined experiments, hydrological modelling and EnergyPlus to relate green-roof moisture to indoor-temperature reduction. The resulting model was intended to support irrigation decisions under specified roof and climate conditions.", "plainExplanation": "The authors combined experiments, hydrological modelling and EnergyPlus to relate green-roof moisture to indoor-temperature reduction. The resulting model was intended to support irrigation decisions under specified roof and climate conditions.", "why": "Irrigation can influence roof cooling, but water use and thermal goals need joint assessment.", "everydayExample": "A roof manager could compare watering schedules against measured moisture and indoor conditions.", "caveat": "Predictive accuracy depends on calibration and roof configuration; the procedure is not a universal watering prescription.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11336317/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC11336317", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11336317/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5551, "sourceSha256": "1e7281fb1bda8a1ad4bd800bae976845fbdeecb23a7a8ff90886f3cac8192751" }, { "id": "tv100", "topic": "envelopes", "tags": [ "envelopes" ], "title": "Role of Phase Change Materials Containing Carbonized Rice husks on the Roof-Surface and Indoor Temperatures for Cool Roof System Application", "authors": "Hong Gun Kim; Yong-Sun Kim; Lee Ku Kwac; Mira Park; Hye Kyoung Shin", "authorNames": [ "Hong Gun Kim", "Yong-Sun Kim", "Lee Ku Kwac", "Mira Park", "Hye Kyoung Shin" ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.3390/molecules25143280", "journal": "Molecules", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Tests of phase-change roof materials containing carbonised rice husks showed that thermal response depended on the chosen phase-change substance and exposure range. Suitable combinations slowed warming and lowered measured temperatures in the experimental setup.", "plainExplanation": "Tests of phase-change roof materials containing carbonised rice husks showed that thermal response depended on the chosen phase-change substance and exposure range. Suitable combinations slowed warming and lowered measured temperatures in the experimental setup.", "why": "Thermal-storage materials need melting ranges suited to the intended climate.", "everydayExample": "A product useful near one summer temperature may offer little storage benefit at another.", "caveat": "Laboratory roof tests do not establish annual savings or installed-system safety; surface and indoor temperature changes must be distinguished.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7397258/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7397258", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7397258/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 2534, "sourceSha256": "b7d674194662d6eb7b0357fbb5a88e6f1ce5ca9f8b900aa400c85621fda0909f" }, { "id": "tv101", "topic": "comfort", "tags": [ "comfort" ], "title": "Building Vulnerability in a Changing Climate: Indoor Temperature Exposures and Health Outcomes in Older Adults Living in Public Housing during an Extreme Heat Event in Cambridge, MA", "authors": "Augusta A. Williams; John D. Spengler; Paul Catalano; Joseph G. Allen; Jose G. Cedeno-Laurent", "authorNames": [ "Augusta A. Williams", "John D. Spengler", "Paul Catalano", "Joseph G. Allen", "Jose G. Cedeno-Laurent" ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph16132373", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Monitoring older public-housing residents during a Cambridge heat event linked higher indoor temperatures with disrupted sleep and increased physiological strain. Hydration behaviour changed little, and residents reported relatively few symptoms.", "plainExplanation": "Monitoring older public-housing residents during a Cambridge heat event linked higher indoor temperatures with disrupted sleep and increased physiological strain. Hydration behaviour changed little, and residents reported relatively few symptoms.", "why": "Subjective comfort alone may not reveal heat strain.", "everydayExample": "A housing team could monitor hot apartments and offer planned support rather than wait for complaints.", "caveat": "The study involved a limited group and event; it does not establish a universal symptom threshold or individual medical diagnosis.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6651653/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC6651653", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC6651653/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5635, "sourceSha256": "655f9a7ad4186348b025487c862058a576be129143afed2375c1d7034f142c49" }, { "id": "tv102", "topic": "comfort", "tags": [ "comfort" ], "title": "Disparities of indoor temperature in winter: A cross‐sectional analysis of the Nationwide Smart Wellness Housing Survey in Japan", "authors": "Umishio W; Ikaga T; Fujino Y; Ando S; Kubo T; Nakajima Y; Hoshi T; Suzuki M; Kario K; Yoshimura T; Yoshino H; Murakami S", "authorNames": [ "Umishio W", "Ikaga T", "Fujino Y", "Ando S", "Kubo T", "Nakajima Y", "Hoshi T", "Suzuki M", "Kario K", "Yoshimura T", "Yoshino H", "Murakami S" ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1111/ina.12708", "journal": "Indoor Air", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The Japanese housing survey found large winter indoor-temperature differences associated with household circumstances. Lower income and living alone were linked to colder conditions, while outdoor climate alone did not explain the pattern.", "plainExplanation": "The Japanese housing survey found large winter indoor-temperature differences associated with household circumstances. Lower income and living alone were linked to colder conditions, while outdoor climate alone did not explain the pattern.", "why": "Cold housing can reflect affordability and heating practices as well as regional weather.", "everydayExample": "A single renter may heat one room while other rooms remain much colder.", "caveat": "The cross-sectional baseline survey cannot show that income or a specific retrofit caused the temperature differences.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7689703/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7689703", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7689703/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6009, "sourceSha256": "b3b8072dde5371d33bb734f13ee9c7b932812965d578fd8cedce0b5f91df99fc" }, { "id": "tv103", "topic": "comfort", "tags": [ "comfort" ], "title": "Effects of Daylong Exposure to Indoor Overheating on Thermal and Cardiovascular Strain in Older Adults: A Randomized Crossover Trial", "authors": "Robert D. Meade; Ashley P. Akerman; Sean R. Notley; Nathalie V. Kirby; Ronald J. Sigal; Glen P. Kenny", "authorNames": [ "Robert D. Meade", "Ashley P. Akerman", "Sean R. Notley", "Nathalie V. Kirby", "Ronald J. Sigal", "Glen P. Kenny" ], "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1289/ehp13159", "journal": "Environmental Health Perspectives", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "In a controlled crossover trial involving older adults, eight-hour exposures above 26°C produced progressively greater thermal and cardiovascular strain. Under the tested conditions, 26°C limited those responses compared with hotter exposures.", "plainExplanation": "In a controlled crossover trial involving older adults, eight-hour exposures above 26°C produced progressively greater thermal and cardiovascular strain. Under the tested conditions, 26°C limited those responses compared with hotter exposures.", "why": "Indoor overheating can have measurable physiological effects before an emergency occurs.", "everydayExample": "A monitored apartment's daytime temperature can inform heat-preparedness planning.", "caveat": "The small laboratory trial involved a limited age range and climate context; its temperature finding is not an individual guarantee of safety.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10852046/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC10852046", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10852046/fullTextXML", "license": "https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/about-ehp/licenseEHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted.", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 9341, "sourceSha256": "da8b4e29251528584213a038a997bf33db6783617b218be1b4b5c17a94d25098" }, { "id": "tv104", "topic": "comfort", "tags": [ "comfort" ], "title": "Indoor overheating: A review of vulnerabilities, causes, and strategies to prevent adverse human health outcomes during extreme heat events", "authors": "Kenny GP; Tetzlaff EJ; Journeay WS; Henderson SB; O'Connor FK", "authorNames": [ "Kenny GP", "Tetzlaff EJ", "Journeay WS", "Henderson SB", "O'Connor FK" ], "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1080/23328940.2024.2361223", "journal": "Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal", "method": "Review", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "This review described how building design, exposure, vulnerability and cooling access shape indoor heat-health risk. It identified gaps in evidence for protective interventions and called for studies addressing vulnerable occupants.", "plainExplanation": "This review described how building design, exposure, vulnerability and cooling access shape indoor heat-health risk. It identified gaps in evidence for protective interventions and called for studies addressing vulnerable occupants.", "why": "Heat protection requires both suitable buildings and usable cooling support.", "everydayExample": "A retrofit discussion can consider shading and ventilation alongside whether residents can afford to operate cooling.", "caveat": "The review does not establish one universally effective package or temperature threshold for every household.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11346563/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC11346563", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11346563/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/", "publicationType": "review-article", "sourceBodyWords": 26691, "sourceSha256": "b1a27e5f7e9563e9559028f755a23f0fce94c4b67e410624e6b9f28e15bf6679" }, { "id": "tv105", "topic": "comfort", "tags": [ "comfort" ], "title": "Impact of increased ventilation on indoor temperature and malaria mosquito density: an experimental study in The Gambia", "authors": "Ebrima Jatta; Majo Carrasco-Tenezaca; Musa Jawara; John Bradley; Sainey Ceesay; Umberto D'Alessandro; David Jeffries; Balla Kandeh; Daniel Sang-Hoon Lee; Margaret Pinder; Anne L. Wilson; Jakob Knudsen; Steve W. Lindsay", "authorNames": [ "Ebrima Jatta", "Majo Carrasco-Tenezaca", "Musa Jawara", "John Bradley", "Sainey Ceesay", "Umberto D'Alessandro", "David Jeffries", "Balla Kandeh", "Daniel Sang-Hoon Lee", "Margaret Pinder", "Anne L. Wilson", "Jakob Knudsen", "Steve W. Lindsay" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1098/rsif.2020.1030", "journal": "Journal of the Royal Society Interface", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "In experimental Gambian houses, screened cross-ventilation modestly reduced nighttime indoor temperature and substantially reduced mosquito entry. The authors linked mosquito changes partly to altered carbon-dioxide plumes.", "plainExplanation": "In experimental Gambian houses, screened cross-ventilation modestly reduced nighttime indoor temperature and substantially reduced mosquito entry. The authors linked mosquito changes partly to altered carbon-dioxide plumes.", "why": "Ventilation design can affect comfort and insect exposure together.", "everydayExample": "Opposing screened openings may serve different needs from a single unscreened opening.", "caveat": "Results depend on experimental house layout, wind and local mosquitoes; they do not establish equal benefits in other climates or buildings.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8113914/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8113914", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8113914/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5346, "sourceSha256": "f9fe22992b0d110ab4d73b7ba325aa37759b355a07c92ffea4ad2188b24b7e06" }, { "id": "tv106", "topic": "comfort", "tags": [ "comfort" ], "title": "Impact of indoor temperature instability on diurnal and day-by-day variability of home blood pressure in winter: a nationwide Smart Wellness Housing survey in Japan", "authors": "Umishio W; Ikaga T; Kario K; Fujino Y; Suzuki M; Ando S; Hoshi T; Yoshimura T; Yoshino H; Murakami S", "authorNames": [ "Umishio W", "Ikaga T", "Kario K", "Fujino Y", "Suzuki M", "Ando S", "Hoshi T", "Yoshimura T", "Yoshino H", "Murakami S" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1038/s41440-021-00699-x", "journal": "Hypertension Research", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The Japanese survey associated unstable winter indoor temperatures with greater variation in home blood pressure. Outdoor-temperature instability did not show the same association in the analysis.", "plainExplanation": "The Japanese survey associated unstable winter indoor temperatures with greater variation in home blood pressure. Outdoor-temperature instability did not show the same association in the analysis.", "why": "The stability of indoor conditions may matter as well as their average.", "everydayExample": "Monitor temperature changes between a heated living room and colder parts of a home.", "caveat": "The cross-sectional baseline analysis cannot establish causation or prove that stabilising temperatures will change an individual's blood pressure.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8568693/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8568693", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8568693/fullTextXML", "license": "Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6046, "sourceSha256": "bab867cbfc2bb4a629722734a382c03d33cd6eaed6750c29c5802f41c3b854e8" }, { "id": "tv107", "topic": "comfort", "tags": [ "comfort" ], "title": "A Longitudinal Study on the Impact of Indoor Temperature on Heat-Related Symptoms in Older Adults Living in Non–Air-Conditioned Households", "authors": "Teyton A; Tremblay M; Tardif I; Lemieux MA; Nour K; Benmarhnia T", "authorNames": [ "Teyton A", "Tremblay M", "Tardif I", "Lemieux MA", "Nour K", "Benmarhnia T" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1289/ehp10291", "journal": "Environmental Health Perspectives", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Following older adults in non-air-conditioned homes, the study linked higher indoor temperatures with symptoms including thirst, fatigue, dry mouth and disturbed sleep. Several relationships were nonlinear.", "plainExplanation": "Following older adults in non-air-conditioned homes, the study linked higher indoor temperatures with symptoms including thirst, fatigue, dry mouth and disturbed sleep. Several relationships were nonlinear.", "why": "Heat exposure can affect daily wellbeing before severe illness is reported.", "everydayExample": "A support programme could track bedroom heat and sleep disruption during a hot period.", "caveat": "Observational symptom reports and local exposure conditions limit causal interpretation and transfer of thresholds to other populations.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9282277/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9282277", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9282277/fullTextXML", "license": "EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted.", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6502, "sourceSha256": "e6544824b011923d5e919205b38973f9452d96a9a4b337595246520d6218aeb8" }, { "id": "tv108", "topic": "comfort", "tags": [ "comfort" ], "title": "A Case-Crossover Analysis of Indoor Heat Exposure on Mortality and Hospitalizations among the Elderly in Houston, Texas", "authors": "O'Lenick CR; Baniassadi A; Michael R; Monaghan A; Boehnert J; Yu X; Hayden MH; Wiedinmyer C; Zhang K; Crank PJ; Heusinger J; Hoel P; Sailor DJ; Wilhelmi OV", "authorNames": [ "O'Lenick CR", "Baniassadi A", "Michael R", "Monaghan A", "Boehnert J", "Yu X", "Hayden MH", "Wiedinmyer C", "Zhang K", "Crank PJ", "Heusinger J", "Hoel P", "Sailor DJ", "Wilhelmi OV" ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1289/ehp6340", "journal": "Environmental Health Perspectives", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The Houston analysis estimated indoor heat exposure and examined short-term mortality and hospitalisation in older residents. Its findings suggested that indoor heat can contribute to health risk missed by outdoor-only assessment.", "plainExplanation": "The Houston analysis estimated indoor heat exposure and examined short-term mortality and hospitalisation in older residents. Its findings suggested that indoor heat can contribute to health risk missed by outdoor-only assessment.", "why": "A neighbourhood with widespread air conditioning can still contain vulnerable hot homes.", "everydayExample": "Identify residents whose cooling is unavailable or unaffordable rather than assuming all homes are protected.", "caveat": "Indoor exposure was modelled, with limited ability to stratify some health outcomes; individual rooms were not monitored throughout the population.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7727721/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7727721", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7727721/fullTextXML", "license": "EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted.", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 14441, "sourceSha256": "22cb540e09ae0ebcdd7d8548a29c3e4f1821772958b49bb03f3077d4be8c53f2" }, { "id": "tv109", "topic": "comfort", "tags": [ "comfort" ], "title": "Dwelling Characteristics Influence Indoor Temperature and May Pose Health Threats in LMICs", "authors": "June Teare; Angela Mathee; Nisha Naicker; Cheryl Swanepoel; Thandi Kapwata; Yusentha Balakrishna; David Jean du Preez; Danielle A. Millar; Caradee Y. Wright", "authorNames": [ "June Teare", "Angela Mathee", "Nisha Naicker", "Cheryl Swanepoel", "Thandi Kapwata", "Yusentha Balakrishna", "David Jean du Preez", "Danielle A. Millar", "Caradee Y. Wright" ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.5334/aogh.2938", "journal": "Annals of Global Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Monitoring low-cost dwellings found that indoor conditions sometimes exceeded outdoor heat levels and differed with building characteristics. Cement-floored dwellings were cooler than the other floor types examined across seasons.", "plainExplanation": "Monitoring low-cost dwellings found that indoor conditions sometimes exceeded outdoor heat levels and differed with building characteristics. Cement-floored dwellings were cooler than the other floor types examined across seasons.", "why": "Construction details can modify how outdoor heat reaches residents.", "everydayExample": "Assess an actual room's temperature instead of assuming it matches the weather report.", "caveat": "Flooring associations may reflect other dwelling differences; the study does not prove that changing floor material alone will cool a home.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7413138/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7413138", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7413138/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4921, "sourceSha256": "07e4ab5f249fc7cc66f531ea63557da58046b0b11c11a37aadc88ecd5024aa54" }, { "id": "tv110", "topic": "comfort", "tags": [ "comfort" ], "title": "Effect of Indoor Temperature on Physical Performance in Older Adults during Days with Normal Temperature and Heat Waves", "authors": "Ulrich Lindemann; Anja Stotz; Nina Beyer; Juha Oksa; Dawn A. Skelton; Clemens Becker; Kilian Rapp; Jochen Klenk", "authorNames": [ "Ulrich Lindemann", "Anja Stotz", "Nina Beyer", "Juha Oksa", "Dawn A. Skelton", "Clemens Becker", "Kilian Rapp", "Jochen Klenk" ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph14020186", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The study observed poorer physical performance in older adults under hot indoor conditions, particularly for chair-rise performance and some walking measures. Effects were not identical across all physical tasks.", "plainExplanation": "The study observed poorer physical performance in older adults under hot indoor conditions, particularly for chair-rise performance and some walking measures. Effects were not identical across all physical tasks.", "why": "Indoor heat can affect everyday mobility as well as comfort.", "everydayExample": "An older resident may find routine movement harder during a hot spell.", "caveat": "The convenience sample limits generalisation, and the study does not establish that a particular exercise or cooling intervention prevents these effects.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5334740/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC5334740", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5334740/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 2536, "sourceSha256": "51a91c141b955861b02bbc847941f4ae76e07245b218f049ee5bb2422362946a" }, { "id": "tv111", "topic": "comfort", "tags": [ "comfort" ], "title": "Association between Indoor Temperature in Winter and Serum Cholesterol: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Smart Wellness Housing Survey in Japan", "authors": "Umishio W; Ikaga T; Kario K; Fujino Y; Suzuki M; Hoshi T; Ando S; Yoshimura T; Yoshino H; Murakami S", "authorNames": [ "Umishio W", "Ikaga T", "Kario K", "Fujino Y", "Suzuki M", "Hoshi T", "Ando S", "Yoshimura T", "Yoshino H", "Murakami S" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.5551/jat.63494", "journal": "Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "In the Japanese winter housing survey, colder bedrooms were associated with higher levels of some cholesterol measures. Associations were not consistent across every lipid indicator.", "plainExplanation": "In the Japanese winter housing survey, colder bedrooms were associated with higher levels of some cholesterol measures. Associations were not consistent across every lipid indicator.", "why": "Housing conditions may be relevant context in population health research.", "everydayExample": "A housing-health assessment could record bedroom temperature alongside residents' broader circumstances.", "caveat": "The cross-sectional study cannot establish that cold caused cholesterol differences or that insulation will replace clinical treatment.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9881535/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9881535", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9881535/fullTextXML", "license": "This article is distributed under the terms of the latest version of CC BY-NC-SA defined by the Creative Commons Attribution License.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6966, "sourceSha256": "28f1969869204e36fb7725643bc3ba7b698487b520f3fb4ed0a7577c70359897" }, { "id": "tv112", "topic": "comfort", "tags": [ "comfort" ], "title": "Relationship between Perceived Indoor Temperature and Self-Reported Risk for Frailty among Community-Dwelling Older People", "authors": "Nakajima Y; Schmidt SM; Malmgren Fänge A; Ono M; Ikaga T", "authorNames": [ "Nakajima Y", "Schmidt SM", "Malmgren Fänge A", "Ono M", "Ikaga T" ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph16040613", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Older people reporting cold homes and economic dissatisfaction also reported greater frailty risk. The relationship was not the same among respondents satisfied with their financial circumstances.", "plainExplanation": "Older people reporting cold homes and economic dissatisfaction also reported greater frailty risk. The relationship was not the same among respondents satisfied with their financial circumstances.", "why": "Warmth, affordability and wellbeing can interact.", "everydayExample": "A support assessment could ask both whether a home feels cold and whether heating costs are manageable.", "caveat": "Temperature and frailty were self-reported; observational associations do not establish the effect of a specific retrofit.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6406492/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC6406492", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC6406492/fullTextXML", "license": "Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5192, "sourceSha256": "a6d8bd943359140ce204e87d4cfad099d93f2d935d7dc93ef13551b6291962eb" }, { "id": "tv113", "topic": "comfort", "tags": [ "comfort" ], "title": "Indoor heat measurement data from low-income households in rural and urban South Asia", "authors": "Premsagar Tasgaonkar; Dipak Zade; Sana Ehsan; Ganesh Gorti; Nabir Mamnun; Christian Siderius; Tanya Singh", "authorNames": [ "Premsagar Tasgaonkar", "Dipak Zade", "Sana Ehsan", "Ganesh Gorti", "Nabir Mamnun", "Christian Siderius", "Tanya Singh" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1038/s41597-022-01314-5", "journal": "Scientific Data", "method": "Peer-reviewed data paper", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "This peer-reviewed data paper describes indoor temperature and humidity measurements from low-income rural and urban households in South Asia, using 206 indoor loggers and five outdoor weather stations.", "plainExplanation": "This peer-reviewed data paper describes indoor temperature and humidity measurements from low-income rural and urban households in South Asia, using 206 indoor loggers and five outdoor weather stations.", "why": "Household monitoring can reveal exposure that regional weather data miss.", "everydayExample": "Researchers could compare indoor and outdoor nighttime heat in different housing types.", "caveat": "This is a dataset publication, not a completed test of retrofit effectiveness or proof of any health effect.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9184534/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9184534", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9184534/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "data-paper", "sourceBodyWords": 4755, "sourceSha256": "8695626c3e4e480fd99f6decb479a285567511f30657c05ca10b3f8197770ab4" }, { "id": "tv114", "topic": "comfort", "tags": [ "comfort" ], "title": "Surviving indoor heat stress in United States: A comprehensive review exploring the impact of overheating on the thermal comfort, health, and social economic factors of occupants", "authors": "Hampo CC; Schinasi LH; Hoque S", "authorNames": [ "Hampo CC", "Schinasi LH", "Hoque S" ], "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25801", "journal": "Heliyon", "method": "Review", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The review examined US indoor overheating through building, health and socioeconomic factors. It highlighted situations where indoor temperatures exceeded outdoor conditions and identified gaps in standards and protective evidence.", "plainExplanation": "The review examined US indoor overheating through building, health and socioeconomic factors. It highlighted situations where indoor temperatures exceeded outdoor conditions and identified gaps in standards and protective evidence.", "why": "Cooling access and housing quality belong in the same heat-risk discussion.", "everydayExample": "A renter may face a hot room even after outdoor temperatures begin falling.", "caveat": "The synthesis combines diverse settings and methods; it does not validate one cooling solution for every dwelling.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10873744/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC10873744", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10873744/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "review-article", "sourceBodyWords": 10971, "sourceSha256": "ea64494a9d134381f20675cfc174c8d1bd1deb24df84e03b0a3e55f53776f384" }, { "id": "tv115", "topic": "comfort", "tags": [ "comfort" ], "title": "Effect of roof colour on indoor temperature and human comfort levels, with implications for malaria control: a pilot study using experimental houses in rural Gambia", "authors": "Majo Carrasco-Tenezaca; Ebrima Jatta; Musa Jawara; John Bradley; Margaret Pinder; Umberto D’Alessandro; Jakob Knudsen; Steve W. Lindsay", "authorNames": [ "Majo Carrasco-Tenezaca", "Ebrima Jatta", "Musa Jawara", "John Bradley", "Margaret Pinder", "Umberto D’Alessandro", "Jakob Knudsen", "Steve W. Lindsay" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1186/s12936-021-03951-4", "journal": "Malaria Journal", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "In experimental Gambian houses, white-painted metal roofs produced cooler indoor conditions than bare metal roofs, including at night. The authors discussed potential comfort benefits relevant to bed-net use.", "plainExplanation": "In experimental Gambian houses, white-painted metal roofs produced cooler indoor conditions than bare metal roofs, including at night. The authors discussed potential comfort benefits relevant to bed-net use.", "why": "Roof reflectance can affect heat entering a lightly insulated dwelling.", "everydayExample": "A suitable roof coating could be assessed alongside other measures for a hot-climate home.", "caveat": "This was a pilot in particular experimental houses; costs, durability and cooling effects cannot be assumed identical elsewhere.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8555212/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8555212", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8555212/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4414, "sourceSha256": "d2832f0cfb032848e02e78230ae9e3b68ff279dcdd52b89ac37b8326abfbddfc" }, { "id": "tv116", "topic": "comfort", "tags": [ "comfort" ], "title": "Influence of Indoor Temperature Exposure on Emergency Department Visits Due to Infectious and Non-Infectious Respiratory Diseases for Older People", "authors": "Chien-Cheng Jung; Nai-Tzu Chen; Ying-Fang Hsia; Nai-Yun Hsu; Huey-Jen Su", "authorNames": [ "Chien-Cheng Jung", "Nai-Tzu Chen", "Ying-Fang Hsia", "Nai-Yun Hsu", "Huey-Jen Su" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph18105273", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The study associated cumulative indoor-temperature exposure with respiratory emergency visits in older people, with different patterns by season and disease category. Duration as well as temperature influenced the exposure metric.", "plainExplanation": "The study associated cumulative indoor-temperature exposure with respiratory emergency visits in older people, with different patterns by season and disease category. Duration as well as temperature influenced the exposure metric.", "why": "A brief peak and many hours of uncomfortable temperature are different exposure patterns.", "everydayExample": "A housing assessment could log how long rooms remain hot or cold.", "caveat": "Exposure-response associations do not establish individual causation; modelled thresholds should not be treated as universal clinical limits.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8156969/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8156969", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8156969/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 3677, "sourceSha256": "429571e25a96a974fa13a3fdc747683a1e713bc97431ba4c2073683949a91c32" }, { "id": "tv117", "topic": "comfort", "tags": [ "comfort" ], "title": "The Impact on Blood Pressure of a Short-Term Change in Indoor Temperature", "authors": "Chen X; Tu P; Sun XL; Hu TY; Wan J; Hu YW; Zhou HL; Su H", "authorNames": [ "Chen X", "Tu P", "Sun XL", "Hu TY", "Wan J", "Hu YW", "Zhou HL", "Su H" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.2147/ijgm.s291431", "journal": "International Journal of General Medicine", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "A short controlled change between 18°C and 28°C altered systolic blood pressure among volunteers. Larger responses were observed in the older group with hypertension.", "plainExplanation": "A short controlled change between 18°C and 28°C altered systolic blood pressure among volunteers. Larger responses were observed in the older group with hypertension.", "why": "Rapid temperature changes can have physiological effects in susceptible groups.", "everydayExample": "Consider temperature differences between rooms when assessing an older resident's home.", "caveat": "Age and hypertension differed between groups, and a brief experimental exposure does not establish long-term health outcomes or treatment advice.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8075305/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8075305", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8075305/fullTextXML", "license": "This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 2538, "sourceSha256": "28f244353ec73591ea8fa571fac6153234f1de1b5e760eddf641f09e40ef50c4" }, { "id": "tv118", "topic": "comfort", "tags": [ "comfort" ], "title": "Associations between indoor temperature, self-rated health and socioeconomic position in a cross-sectional study of adults in England", "authors": "Joanna Sutton-Klein; Alison Moody; Ian Hamilton; Jennifer S Mindell", "authorNames": [ "Joanna Sutton-Klein", "Alison Moody", "Ian Hamilton", "Jennifer S Mindell" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038500", "journal": "BMJ Open", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "In an English cross-sectional study, worse self-rated health was associated with warmer indoor temperatures after adjustment. The authors noted that people in poorer health may choose or be advised to keep warmer homes.", "plainExplanation": "In an English cross-sectional study, worse self-rated health was associated with warmer indoor temperatures after adjustment. The authors noted that people in poorer health may choose or be advised to keep warmer homes.", "why": "An association between warmth and poor health can reflect who needs warmth.", "everydayExample": "A resident with illness may heat more than a healthier neighbour.", "caveat": "Cross-sectional data cannot determine direction of causation; the finding does not show that warmer homes caused poor health.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7907859/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7907859", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7907859/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4556, "sourceSha256": "c221545cf53ceaf98d241ba840ca10126ad35ff1ba53d353fc90dd25abd03a8a" }, { "id": "tv119", "topic": "comfort", "tags": [ "comfort" ], "title": "Effect of Ceiling Fans on Core Temperature in Bed‐Resting Older Adults Exposed to Indoor Overheating", "authors": "O'Connor FK; Meade RD; Janetos KT; Li-Maloney C; Sigal RJ; Boulay P; Kenny GP", "authorNames": [ "O'Connor FK", "Meade RD", "Janetos KT", "Li-Maloney C", "Sigal RJ", "Boulay P", "Kenny GP" ], "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1111/jgs.70109", "journal": "Journal of the American Geriatrics Society", "method": "Brief research report", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The controlled study found that ceiling fans reduced physiological heat strain in bed-resting older adults under the tested conditions, but did not fully eliminate the need for environmental cooling.", "plainExplanation": "The controlled study found that ceiling fans reduced physiological heat strain in bed-resting older adults under the tested conditions, but did not fully eliminate the need for environmental cooling.", "why": "Fans should be evaluated as part of a heat-protection strategy.", "everydayExample": "A housing cooling plan could consider fans together with access to cooler indoor air.", "caveat": "The homogeneous laboratory sample and particular exposure conditions do not support treating fans as sufficient protection under every heat scenario.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12774295/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC12774295", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC12774295/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/", "publicationType": "brief-report", "sourceBodyWords": 2164, "sourceSha256": "9ab5d526776dd0c518f1c1800fdb07ddd23aeb2c3f3fa4d05170fbed2673abf9" }, { "id": "tv120", "topic": "comfort", "tags": [ "comfort" ], "title": "Foot immersion with and without neck cooling reduces self-reported environmental symptoms in older adults exposed to simulated indoor overheating", "authors": "O'Connor FK; McGarr GW; McCourt ER; Meade RD; Kenny GP", "authorNames": [ "O'Connor FK", "McGarr GW", "McCourt ER", "Meade RD", "Kenny GP" ], "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1080/23328940.2024.2394341", "journal": "Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "During simulated overheating, foot immersion with or without neck cooling reduced older adults' reported environmental symptoms but had little meaningful effect on core temperature or cardiovascular strain.", "plainExplanation": "During simulated overheating, foot immersion with or without neck cooling reduced older adults' reported environmental symptoms but had little meaningful effect on core temperature or cardiovascular strain.", "why": "Feeling better does not necessarily mean physiological heat strain has resolved.", "everydayExample": "A resident using a local cooling method should not assume the room has become thermally safe.", "caveat": "The trial used one hot laboratory condition and limited participants; it does not establish protection during prolonged real-world heatwaves.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11583589/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC11583589", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11583589/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7116, "sourceSha256": "e4c48f2becb2c5828ab7df7eddbe2febaed154edce73ca2de53d68577c29b634" }, { "id": "tv121", "topic": "comfort", "tags": [ "comfort" ], "title": "Response Surface Methodology using desirability functions for multiobjective optimization to minimize indoor overheating hours and maximize useful daylight illuminance", "authors": "Juan Gamero-Salinas; Jesús López-Fidalgo", "authorNames": [ "Juan Gamero-Salinas", "Jesús López-Fidalgo" ], "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-96376-x", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The building-simulation study optimised window area and roof overhangs to balance indoor overheating with useful daylight. Its response-surface approach found design combinations that improved the chosen objectives with relatively few simulations.", "plainExplanation": "The building-simulation study optimised window area and roof overhangs to balance indoor overheating with useful daylight. Its response-surface approach found design combinations that improved the chosen objectives with relatively few simulations.", "why": "Shading and glazing should be assessed for comfort and daylight together.", "everydayExample": "A window redesign can reduce solar gains while checking whether rooms still receive useful daylight.", "caveat": "The optimum depends on the case building, climate, objectives and model assumptions; it is not a transferable specification for every home.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11982332/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC11982332", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11982332/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4700, "sourceSha256": "d75338ad95447c016e0552a50865949f3b933aa10560c7ee85f371392917368e" }, { "id": "tv122", "topic": "comfort", "tags": [ "comfort" ], "title": "Effects of ceiling fan use on cardiovascular autonomic function during simulated indoor overheating in bed‐resting older adults", "authors": "Fergus K. O'Connor; Robert D. Meade; Kristina‐Marie T. Janetos; Norman R. Morris; Glen P. Kenny", "authorNames": [ "Fergus K. O'Connor", "Robert D. Meade", "Kristina‐Marie T. Janetos", "Norman R. Morris", "Glen P. Kenny" ], "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1113/ep094066", "journal": "Experimental Physiology", "method": "Brief research report", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "In older adults exposed to prolonged indoor heat at 31°C, ceiling fans modestly reduced core temperature and heart rate but did not improve every autonomic or blood-pressure outcome.", "plainExplanation": "In older adults exposed to prolonged indoor heat at 31°C, ceiling fans modestly reduced core temperature and heart rate but did not improve every autonomic or blood-pressure outcome.", "why": "Partial cooling benefits should not be mistaken for complete cardiovascular protection.", "everydayExample": "A fan-equipped room may still require access to cooler air during prolonged overheating.", "caveat": "The controlled bed-resting laboratory setting and selected participants limit generalisation to daily activity, other temperatures and more vulnerable residents.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13542677/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC13542677", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC13542677/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "brief-report", "sourceBodyWords": 3689, "sourceSha256": "123b050538421c621275f0dcca50f1f81a238ecc5661a416afa4b7c0eb9efbff" }, { "id": "tv123", "topic": "comfort", "tags": [ "comfort" ], "title": "Association of Indoor Temperature Level and Mental Health Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Systematic Review", "authors": "Min Kyung Park; Bada Kang; Dahye Hong; Seolah Yoon; Minsub Kim; Yubeen Kim; Zhao Ni; Eleanor S McConnell", "authorNames": [ "Min Kyung Park", "Bada Kang", "Dahye Hong", "Seolah Yoon", "Minsub Kim", "Yubeen Kim", "Zhao Ni", "Eleanor S McConnell" ], "year": 2025, "doi": "10.2196/78257", "journal": "JMIR Public Health and Surveillance", "method": "Review", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "This systematic review associated both hot and cold indoor conditions with mental-health outcomes in older adults. Sleep disturbance was the most consistently reported outcome; evidence for depression and anxiety was more limited.", "plainExplanation": "This systematic review associated both hot and cold indoor conditions with mental-health outcomes in older adults. Sleep disturbance was the most consistently reported outcome; evidence for depression and anxiety was more limited.", "why": "Comfort assessments should include sleep and everyday wellbeing.", "everydayExample": "A housing survey could ask whether bedroom temperatures interfere with sleep.", "caveat": "The included evidence varied in design and measurement; the review does not establish an optimal indoor temperature for every older person.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12661602/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC12661602", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC12661602/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://publichealth.jmir.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "review-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5883, "sourceSha256": "29a1b64f80b8c751e1d850925ff50f0f5336a09fe5dd74c968cfc44be6028e02" }, { "id": "tv124", "topic": "comfort", "tags": [ "comfort" ], "title": "Effectiveness and feasibility of residential passive heat adaptation interventions on reducing indoor temperature in low-income communities in Africa: a systematic review", "authors": "Ritah Nakanjako; Y T Eunice Lo; Ebrahim Behardien; Vuyisile Moyo; Millicent Afi Sitsofe Kwawu; Queen Marekera; Doreen Larkailey Lartey; Mark New; Guy Howard", "authorNames": [ "Ritah Nakanjako", "Y T Eunice Lo", "Ebrahim Behardien", "Vuyisile Moyo", "Millicent Afi Sitsofe Kwawu", "Queen Marekera", "Doreen Larkailey Lartey", "Mark New", "Guy Howard" ], "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1088/2752-5309/ae87bf", "journal": "Environmental Research, Health", "method": "Review", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The systematic review found that several passive adaptations reduced indoor temperatures in studied low-income African settings. It also identified gaps in long-term performance, scalability and community acceptability.", "plainExplanation": "The systematic review found that several passive adaptations reduced indoor temperatures in studied low-income African settings. It also identified gaps in long-term performance, scalability and community acceptability.", "why": "A technically effective measure must also fit residents' circumstances.", "everydayExample": "Compare roof reflectance, shading and ventilation with local maintenance capacity and preferences.", "caveat": "Many studies used prototype houses, and reported cooling values combine different interventions and conditions; no single reduction is guaranteed.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13389746/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC13389746", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC13389746/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "review-article", "sourceBodyWords": 10464, "sourceSha256": "0f27aadebd6a52145fa2e22aa77b2a5361befed6903d2550040d3390df17b9e0" }, { "id": "tv125", "topic": "comfort", "tags": [ "comfort" ], "title": "Assessing the Impact of Thermal Coating Paints on Indoor Temperature and Energy Efficiency in Colombian Caribbean Homes", "authors": "Frank Florez-Montes; Antonio Martínez-Lengua; Miguel E. Iglesias-Martínez; John Alexander Taborda Giraldo; Eduardo Balvis; Fernanda Peset; Romeo J. Selvas-Aguilar; Juan Carlos Castro-Palacio; Juan A. Monsoriu; Pedro Fernández de Córdoba", "authorNames": [ "Frank Florez-Montes", "Antonio Martínez-Lengua", "Miguel E. Iglesias-Martínez", "John Alexander Taborda Giraldo", "Eduardo Balvis", "Fernanda Peset", "Romeo J. Selvas-Aguilar", "Juan Carlos Castro-Palacio", "Juan A. Monsoriu", "Pedro Fernández de Córdoba" ], "year": 2025, "doi": "10.3390/s25030842", "journal": "Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The Colombian Caribbean pilot reported reduced thermal loads and varying temperature responses in homes treated with thermal coatings. Performance differed between houses rather than following one uniform effect.", "plainExplanation": "The Colombian Caribbean pilot reported reduced thermal loads and varying temperature responses in homes treated with thermal coatings. Performance differed between houses rather than following one uniform effect.", "why": "Coatings should be assessed on the actual building and exposure.", "everydayExample": "Compare indoor measurements before and after a suitable coating while recording outdoor weather.", "caveat": "Pilot comparisons and percentage-based reporting do not establish a universal degree reduction or equivalent reduction in electricity bills.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11820206/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC11820206", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11820206/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4352, "sourceSha256": "4e1398c2747b35cc184c69338ec08c9288b0ea4f610431c548c09849035f0aab" }, { "id": "tv126", "topic": "retrofits", "tags": [ "retrofits" ], "title": "Home energy efficiency and radon related risk of lung cancer: modelling study", "authors": "Milner J; Shrubsole C; Das P; Jones B; Ridley I; Chalabi Z; Hamilton I; Armstrong B; Davies M; Wilkinson P", "authorNames": [ "Milner J", "Shrubsole C", "Das P", "Jones B", "Ridley I", "Chalabi Z", "Hamilton I", "Armstrong B", "Davies M", "Wilkinson P" ], "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1136/bmj.f7493", "journal": "The BMJ", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The UK modelling study found that reducing dwelling ventilation without suitable remediation could increase radon exposure and associated lung-cancer risk. It argued for incorporating indoor-air safeguards into energy-efficiency policy.", "plainExplanation": "The UK modelling study found that reducing dwelling ventilation without suitable remediation could increase radon exposure and associated lung-cancer risk. It argued for incorporating indoor-air safeguards into energy-efficiency policy.", "why": "Air sealing and ventilation should be designed together.", "everydayExample": "A retrofit plan can include radon assessment and suitable ventilation rather than insulation alone.", "caveat": "Health impacts were modelled and depend on assumptions about housing, exposure and ventilation-system performance; this is not evidence against energy retrofits generally.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3898159/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC3898159", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC3898159/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 3.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6085, "sourceSha256": "0e05e8c8c431f264b1959c677b302b40746b56f4528f9486163bf7ae042073b8" }, { "id": "tv127", "topic": "retrofits", "tags": [ "retrofits" ], "title": "Health effects of home energy efficiency interventions in England: a modelling study", "authors": "Hamilton I; Milner J; Chalabi Z; Das P; Jones B; Shrubsole C; Davies M; Wilkinson P", "authorNames": [ "Hamilton I", "Milner J", "Chalabi Z", "Das P", "Jones B", "Shrubsole C", "Davies M", "Wilkinson P" ], "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007298", "journal": "BMJ Open", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Modelling English housing interventions showed potential health benefits from warmer homes and reduced pollutant exposure when ventilation was implemented appropriately. Poorly balanced changes could instead worsen some indoor exposures.", "plainExplanation": "Modelling English housing interventions showed potential health benefits from warmer homes and reduced pollutant exposure when ventilation was implemented appropriately. Poorly balanced changes could instead worsen some indoor exposures.", "why": "The healthiest retrofit package depends on both temperature and air quality.", "everydayExample": "A housing provider can assess ventilation when improving insulation and airtightness.", "caveat": "Modelled health estimates contain substantial uncertainty and do not replace monitored evidence from completed retrofits.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4420956/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC4420956", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC4420956/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt and build upon this work, for commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6689, "sourceSha256": "7120f0e8eb240fe3616abc2a5017a0b928f3f51c49e657e58e9d5d736fe348f5", "correctionUrl": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5683306/", "correctionNote": "Correction: omitted acknowledgements restored." }, { "id": "tv128", "topic": "retrofits", "tags": [ "retrofits" ], "title": "Home energy efficiency and radon: An observational study", "authors": "Symonds P; Rees D; Daraktchieva Z; McColl N; Bradley J; Hamilton I; Davies M", "authorNames": [ "Symonds P", "Rees D", "Daraktchieva Z", "McColl N", "Bradley J", "Hamilton I", "Davies M" ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1111/ina.12575", "journal": "Indoor Air", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "A linked UK housing-radon dataset associated certain fabric retrofits, particularly replacement glazing, with higher indoor radon measurements than homes without recorded retrofits.", "plainExplanation": "A linked UK housing-radon dataset associated certain fabric retrofits, particularly replacement glazing, with higher indoor radon measurements than homes without recorded retrofits.", "why": "Improved energy performance should accompany indoor-air checks.", "everydayExample": "After a substantial airtightness-related upgrade, a homeowner can seek appropriate radon testing and ventilation assessment.", "caveat": "This observational comparison cannot prove that each retrofit caused the measured difference; records and unmeasured dwelling characteristics may affect results.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6772076/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC6772076", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC6772076/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5571, "sourceSha256": "6253a88df125cac98b97407cf6f10c3f71ef383c0f3537f787520c265bfe8397" }, { "id": "tv129", "topic": "retrofits", "tags": [ "retrofits" ], "title": "The short-term health and psychosocial impacts of domestic energy efficiency investments in low-income areas: a controlled before and after study", "authors": "Grey CN; Jiang S; Nascimento C; Rodgers SE; Johnson R; Lyons RA; Poortinga W", "authorNames": [ "Grey CN", "Jiang S", "Nascimento C", "Rodgers SE", "Johnson R", "Lyons RA", "Poortinga W" ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1186/s12889-017-4075-4", "journal": "BMC Public Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The controlled before-and-after study found better subjective wellbeing, thermal satisfaction and some psychosocial outcomes following energy-efficiency investment in low-income areas. Broad short-term physical-health improvements were less clear.", "plainExplanation": "The controlled before-and-after study found better subjective wellbeing, thermal satisfaction and some psychosocial outcomes following energy-efficiency investment in low-income areas. Broad short-term physical-health improvements were less clear.", "why": "Retrofit benefits may include reduced worry and improved daily living conditions.", "everydayExample": "A warmer home may let residents use more rooms without the same financial anxiety.", "caveat": "Short follow-up and observational implementation limit claims about long-term health gains and individual causal effects.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5282634/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC5282634", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5282634/fullTextXML", "license": "Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6663, "sourceSha256": "aad287c12a2f2ba7d7803d9c57066b3164757b85361d4cad3d083e756c912c29" }, { "id": "tv130", "topic": "retrofits", "tags": [ "retrofits" ], "title": "Load Balancing Integrated Least Slack Time-Based Appliance Scheduling for Smart Home Energy Management", "authors": "Bhagya Nathali Silva; Murad Khan; Kijun Han", "authorNames": [ "Bhagya Nathali Silva", "Murad Khan", "Kijun Han" ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.3390/s18030685", "journal": "Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Computer simulations showed that appliance scheduling with load balancing could reduce energy costs while respecting specified user-comfort constraints. An automatic switch-off feature also reduced modelled consumption.", "plainExplanation": "Computer simulations showed that appliance scheduling with load balancing could reduce energy costs while respecting specified user-comfort constraints. An automatic switch-off feature also reduced modelled consumption.", "why": "Changing when appliances operate differs from reducing the energy they require.", "everydayExample": "A household on a time-varying tariff might schedule a flexible appliance outside expensive periods.", "caveat": "Savings depend on simulated appliances, tariffs and acceptable schedules; results are not a measured guarantee for real households.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5877198/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC5877198", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5877198/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5594, "sourceSha256": "8ee4834f9532ed568bf1387da9f672f91566c8f400a91e7c61bd56bb188ad0f3" }, { "id": "tv131", "topic": "retrofits", "tags": [ "retrofits" ], "title": "Beyond technology adoption: Examining home energy management systems, energy burdens and climate change perceptions during COVID-19 pandemic", "authors": "Chen CF; Nelson H; Xu X; Bonilla G; Jones N", "authorNames": [ "Chen CF", "Nelson H", "Xu X", "Bonilla G", "Jones N" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.rser.2021.111066", "journal": "Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The survey found income-related differences in energy resources, burdens and some attitudes toward home energy-management systems. Lower-income households' circumstances could not be understood from technology adoption alone.", "plainExplanation": "The survey found income-related differences in energy resources, burdens and some attitudes toward home energy-management systems. Lower-income households' circumstances could not be understood from technology adoption alone.", "why": "Smart-home programmes need affordability and trust considerations.", "everydayExample": "Offer practical support and clear costs alongside a smart-control installation.", "caveat": "Survey associations during the pandemic do not prove that installing an energy-management system reduces hardship or delivers equal benefits across incomes.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9760491/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9760491", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9760491/fullTextXML", "license": "Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 10706, "sourceSha256": "89431be572e2c20bf64db72fc5e7c2907e06473fe9d37cb47de7b223709a0ea7" }, { "id": "tv132", "topic": "retrofits", "tags": [ "retrofits" ], "title": "Changes in Domestic Energy and Water Usage during the UK COVID-19 Lockdown Using High-Resolution Temporal Data", "authors": "Tamaryn Menneer; Zening Qi; Timothy Taylor; Cheryl Paterson; Gengyang Tu; Lewis R. Elliott; Karyn Morrissey; Markus Mueller", "authorNames": [ "Tamaryn Menneer", "Zening Qi", "Timothy Taylor", "Cheryl Paterson", "Gengyang Tu", "Lewis R. Elliott", "Karyn Morrissey", "Markus Mueller" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph18136818", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "High-resolution UK utility data showed changes in household gas, electricity and water use during lockdown, including shifted daily peaks. Staying home changed demand patterns, with implications for disadvantaged households' ability to meet increased needs.", "plainExplanation": "High-resolution UK utility data showed changes in household gas, electricity and water use during lockdown, including shifted daily peaks. Staying home changed demand patterns, with implications for disadvantaged households' ability to meet increased needs.", "why": "Energy demand depends on occupancy and routines.", "everydayExample": "Working from home may increase daytime heating or appliance needs even without changing the building.", "caveat": "Pandemic conditions were unusual, and weather and household differences complicate attribution of every change to lockdown.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8297134/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8297134", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8297134/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6125, "sourceSha256": "71807472449e8877ce2872a13245b9a4466637769bd9aa7618c55a4d5430885f" }, { "id": "tv133", "topic": "retrofits", "tags": [ "retrofits" ], "title": "IoT Operating System Based Fuzzy Inference System for Home Energy Management System in Smart Buildings", "authors": "Qurat-ul Ain; Sohail Iqbal; Safdar Abbas Khan; Asad Waqar Malik; Iftikhar Ahmad; Nadeem Javaid", "authorNames": [ "Qurat-ul Ain", "Sohail Iqbal", "Safdar Abbas Khan", "Asad Waqar Malik", "Iftikhar Ahmad", "Nadeem Javaid" ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.3390/s18092802", "journal": "Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The paper simulated a sensor-informed fuzzy-control system using temperature, occupancy, set-points and tariffs. It reported lower energy use than comparison control approaches under the examined conditions.", "plainExplanation": "The paper simulated a sensor-informed fuzzy-control system using temperature, occupancy, set-points and tariffs. It reported lower energy use than comparison control approaches under the examined conditions.", "why": "Controls can coordinate comfort needs with energy use.", "everydayExample": "A heating controller might respond differently when a room is occupied and when it is empty.", "caveat": "Reported savings vary by simulation comparison; they are not validated annual savings for an occupied home.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6164497/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC6164497", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC6164497/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 9423, "sourceSha256": "33fd279d6ac8c9e9e315988a07475c3f3a0c303e6a8bf8afb1740e0eb935f3bb" }, { "id": "tv134", "topic": "retrofits", "tags": [ "retrofits" ], "title": "Design and Implementation of a Cloud-IoT-Based Home Energy Management System", "authors": "Felipe Condon; José M. Martínez; Ali M. Eltamaly; Young-Chon Kim; Mohamed A. Ahmed", "authorNames": [ "Felipe Condon", "José M. Martínez", "Ali M. Eltamaly", "Young-Chon Kim", "Mohamed A. Ahmed" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.3390/s23010176", "journal": "Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The researchers implemented local and cloud-based home energy-management architectures that collected data and controlled appliances. The work demonstrated technical operation and provided high-frequency measurements from a Chilean household.", "plainExplanation": "The researchers implemented local and cloud-based home energy-management architectures that collected data and controlled appliances. The work demonstrated technical operation and provided high-frequency measurements from a Chilean household.", "why": "Monitoring and control infrastructure can make household demand more visible.", "everydayExample": "A resident could use appliance-level information to identify when a high-load device operates.", "caveat": "Technical feasibility does not establish energy savings, cybersecurity adequacy or affordability for every household.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9824460/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9824460", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9824460/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5737, "sourceSha256": "67fb22a8c939c5e053e173234a874747afefc7e76c589aaaaa023eb846a903b8" }, { "id": "tv135", "topic": "retrofits", "tags": [ "retrofits" ], "title": "Home Energy Efficiency and Subjective Health in Greater London", "authors": "P. Symonds; N. Verschoor; Z. Chalabi; J. Taylor; M. Davies", "authorNames": [ "P. Symonds", "N. Verschoor", "Z. Chalabi", "J. Taylor", "M. Davies" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1007/s11524-021-00513-6", "journal": "Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The London analysis associated better energy ratings with lower gas consumption and examined links between housing efficiency, infiltration and self-rated health. The authors stressed maintaining adequate air exchange.", "plainExplanation": "The London analysis associated better energy ratings with lower gas consumption and examined links between housing efficiency, infiltration and self-rated health. The authors stressed maintaining adequate air exchange.", "why": "Energy upgrades should balance heat retention with ventilation.", "everydayExample": "Compare a home's rating with actual consumption and ventilation condition before choosing measures.", "caveat": "Energy-certificate data and area-level health analysis have limitations; observed associations are not a direct estimate of one household's health benefit.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8190232/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8190232", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8190232/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4728, "sourceSha256": "759c2340ccfff4ea058ce466919f8ad211965253ea968fc45304770b7419e7ed" }, { "id": "tv136", "topic": "retrofits", "tags": [ "retrofits" ], "title": "A Multi-Objective Demand Response Optimization Model for Scheduling Loads in a Home Energy Management System", "authors": "Veras JM; Silva IRS; Pinheiro PR; Rabêlo RAL; Veloso AFS; Borges FAS; Rodrigues JJPC", "authorNames": [ "Veras JM", "Silva IRS", "Pinheiro PR", "Rabêlo RAL", "Veloso AFS", "Borges FAS", "Rodrigues JJPC" ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.3390/s18103207", "journal": "Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The optimisation study scheduled household loads under multiple objectives and user constraints. It found lower simulated electricity costs, with savings differing across the examined household and location scenarios.", "plainExplanation": "The optimisation study scheduled household loads under multiple objectives and user constraints. It found lower simulated electricity costs, with savings differing across the examined household and location scenarios.", "why": "Flexible demand can reduce cost under suitable tariffs without equal reductions in consumption.", "everydayExample": "A household might delay a dishwasher if that fits its routine and tariff.", "caveat": "Modelled results depend on equipment, comfort constraints and prices; real-world use may differ from the assumed schedule.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6210364/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC6210364", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC6210364/fullTextXML", "license": "Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 9428, "sourceSha256": "1e189d582a86ab6c139349dbeab6937b164e4454294ce79d6ed862777882f9f2" }, { "id": "tv137", "topic": "retrofits", "tags": [ "retrofits" ], "title": "Householders’ Mental Models of Domestic Energy Consumption: Using a Sort-And-Cluster Method to Identify Shared Concepts of Appliance Similarity", "authors": "Gabe-Thomas E; Walker I; Verplanken B; Shaddick G", "authorNames": [ "Gabe-Thomas E", "Walker I", "Verplanken B", "Shaddick G" ], "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0158949", "journal": "PLoS ONE", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Participants grouped domestic appliances mainly by activities and location rather than energy consumption. Shared mental categories were limited, suggesting that household energy messages may work better when connected to familiar routines.", "plainExplanation": "Participants grouped domestic appliances mainly by activities and location rather than energy consumption. Shared mental categories were limited, suggesting that household energy messages may work better when connected to familiar routines.", "why": "Energy guidance should use concepts residents already understand.", "everydayExample": "Discuss laundry or cooking routines rather than only abstract kilowatt-hours.", "caveat": "The sorting study did not test whether revised messages actually reduced measured consumption.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4965032/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC4965032", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC4965032/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6676, "sourceSha256": "a47bb5f48d084c1b6fa815e4db8fdf66067aa76dacc5cdf996829ef84f37ea9d" }, { "id": "tv138", "topic": "retrofits", "tags": [ "retrofits" ], "title": "Outcomes from the Victorian Healthy Homes Program: a randomised control trial of home energy upgrades", "authors": "Katie Page; Lutfun Hossain; Dan Liu; Yo Han Kim; Kerryn Wilmot; Patricia Kenny; Margaret Campbell; Toby Cumming; Scott Kelly; Thomas Longden; Kees van Gool; Rosalie Viney; Victorian Healthy Homes Program (VHHP) TeamFallettaJayGoodallStephenHaywoodPhilKrishnanDeepuMulhernBrendanSoebergMatthew", "authorNames": [ "Katie Page", "Lutfun Hossain", "Dan Liu", "Yo Han Kim", "Kerryn Wilmot", "Patricia Kenny", "Margaret Campbell", "Toby Cumming", "Scott Kelly", "Thomas Longden", "Kees van Gool", "Rosalie Viney", "Victorian Healthy Homes Program (VHHP) TeamFallettaJayGoodallStephenHaywoodPhilKrishnanDeepuMulhernBrendanSoebergMatthew" ], "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082340", "journal": "BMJ Open", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The Victorian randomised trial found that modest home upgrades increased winter indoor warmth and improved comfort, mental health and social-care-related quality of life, with lower overall healthcare costs during follow-up.", "plainExplanation": "The Victorian randomised trial found that modest home upgrades increased winter indoor warmth and improved comfort, mental health and social-care-related quality of life, with lower overall healthcare costs during follow-up.", "why": "Home improvements can deliver benefits beyond energy bills.", "everydayExample": "A support programme could evaluate comfort and wellbeing alongside meter readings.", "caveat": "Results reflect the trial population, upgrades and winter follow-up; they do not guarantee identical health or cost benefits in another programme.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11865758/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC11865758", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11865758/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5512, "sourceSha256": "87d43ab5172dd24b9b3fa7f355aa4b0e2fd8d97ec4469b2fbc74df3581de6efc" }, { "id": "tv139", "topic": "retrofits", "tags": [ "retrofits" ], "title": "A Smart Home Energy Management System Using Two-Stage Non-Intrusive Appliance Load Monitoring over Fog-Cloud Analytics Based on Tridium’s Niagara Framework for Residential Demand-Side Management", "authors": "Chen YY; Chen MH; Chang CM; Chang FS; Lin YH", "authorNames": [ "Chen YY", "Chen MH", "Chang CM", "Chang FS", "Lin YH" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.3390/s21082883", "journal": "Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The study developed and demonstrated a smart-home prototype that inferred appliance activity from aggregate electrical measurements using a two-stage analytical approach. It showed feasibility for residential demand-side management.", "plainExplanation": "The study developed and demonstrated a smart-home prototype that inferred appliance activity from aggregate electrical measurements using a two-stage analytical approach. It showed feasibility for residential demand-side management.", "why": "Detailed energy information may be obtained without a meter on every appliance.", "everydayExample": "A household dashboard could estimate which devices contribute to peaks.", "caveat": "Prototype performance does not establish universal identification accuracy, long-term reliability or actual bill savings.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8074283/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8074283", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8074283/fullTextXML", "license": "Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 9843, "sourceSha256": "ede1f6015e16bb952a904bbee0666cbbc6daad7e22705e558f6049d398499f66" }, { "id": "tv140", "topic": "retrofits", "tags": [ "retrofits" ], "title": "Home Energy Management System Incorporating Heat Pump Using Real Measured Data †", "authors": "Zhengnan Cao; Fergal O’Rourke; William Lyons; Xiaoqing Han", "authorNames": [ "Zhengnan Cao", "Fergal O’Rourke", "William Lyons", "Xiaoqing Han" ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.3390/s19132937", "journal": "Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Using measured heat-pump data and a thermal model, the authors compared control-optimisation methods across five winter days. Optimised schedules reduced calculated operating costs while meeting defined comfort constraints.", "plainExplanation": "Using measured heat-pump data and a thermal model, the authors compared control-optimisation methods across five winter days. Optimised schedules reduced calculated operating costs while meeting defined comfort constraints.", "why": "Heat-pump timing and tariff conditions can influence running cost.", "everydayExample": "A controller might preheat within an acceptable temperature range before an expensive period.", "caveat": "The comparison covers a short period and modelled control alternatives; the reported cost reduction is not guaranteed annual savings.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6651150/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC6651150", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC6651150/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 8349, "sourceSha256": "c283db0aa3d1004b28b6b39e24ddc307627ce0a55d890eb7a7ea3a93822963d2" }, { "id": "tv141", "topic": "retrofits", "tags": [ "retrofits" ], "title": "Optimizing home energy management: Robust and efficient solutions powered by attention networks", "authors": "Nutakki M; Mandava S", "authorNames": [ "Nutakki M", "Mandava S" ], "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26397", "journal": "Heliyon", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The paper compared machine-learning approaches for forecasting household electrical load and solar generation. Transformer-based attention models improved the reported forecasting performance within the evaluated setup.", "plainExplanation": "The paper compared machine-learning approaches for forecasting household electrical load and solar generation. Transformer-based attention models improved the reported forecasting performance within the evaluated setup.", "why": "Forecasting can support energy management, but better prediction is not itself a saving.", "everydayExample": "A control system could use expected solar production when planning flexible appliance operation.", "caveat": "Performance depends on datasets and tuning; the study does not demonstrate equivalent savings after installation in diverse occupied homes.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10906325/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC10906325", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10906325/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6430, "sourceSha256": "85574a08af835ff0dc4d28591987ea4287d3f7e968fec7155d42ac4fa7e8bca5" }, { "id": "tv142", "topic": "retrofits", "tags": [ "retrofits" ], "title": "Model for Managing the Integration of a Vehicle-to-Home Unit into an Intelligent Home Energy Management System", "authors": "Ohoud Almughram; Sami Ben Slama; Bassam Zafar", "authorNames": [ "Ohoud Almughram", "Sami Ben Slama", "Bassam Zafar" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.3390/s22218142", "journal": "Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The study modelled coordination of rooftop solar, household demand and vehicle-to-home storage. It showed potential to use a vehicle battery to address demand-supply mismatches under the specified operating constraints.", "plainExplanation": "The study modelled coordination of rooftop solar, household demand and vehicle-to-home storage. It showed potential to use a vehicle battery to address demand-supply mismatches under the specified operating constraints.", "why": "A vehicle can be considered within a wider home-energy system.", "everydayExample": "An equipped household might use stored electricity during a peak-price period.", "caveat": "Feasibility depends on compatible equipment, vehicle availability and battery constraints; the model does not establish universal backup capability or economic benefit.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9656865/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9656865", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9656865/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7660, "sourceSha256": "32e1b2b3b356aeac6ee3c62c624963316a2014a3af619184f61f197ac55d7207" }, { "id": "tv143", "topic": "retrofits", "tags": [ "retrofits" ], "title": "Design and Development of an IoT Smart Meter with Load Control for Home Energy Management Systems", "authors": "Omar Munoz; Adolfo Ruelas; Pedro Rosales; Alexis Acuña; Alejandro Suastegui; Fernando Lara", "authorNames": [ "Omar Munoz", "Adolfo Ruelas", "Pedro Rosales", "Alexis Acuña", "Alejandro Suastegui", "Fernando Lara" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.3390/s22197536", "journal": "Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The researchers built and calibrated an internet-connected smart meter with appliance load control. Tests demonstrated electrical measurements and manual or automatic switching through a web interface.", "plainExplanation": "The researchers built and calibrated an internet-connected smart meter with appliance load control. Tests demonstrated electrical measurements and manual or automatic switching through a web interface.", "why": "Measurement and control are enabling functions rather than proof of savings.", "everydayExample": "A household could monitor a selected load before deciding whether its schedule should change.", "caveat": "Prototype accuracy under test conditions does not establish certification, safe installation or lifetime performance of a commercial meter.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9570869/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9570869", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9570869/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 8462, "sourceSha256": "9bd357e97f8ca2734b0307fbee8d86e5577c484a0695e8779952db7370fb3a34" }, { "id": "tv144", "topic": "retrofits", "tags": [ "retrofits" ], "title": "Cross-sectoral trade-offs in a changing climate: Surrogate models to balance home energy bills, occupant comfort, and power system externalities", "authors": "Nawawi S; Yi M; Craig M; Deetjen T; Vaishnav P", "authorNames": [ "Nawawi S", "Yi M", "Craig M", "Deetjen T", "Vaishnav P" ], "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.isci.2025.112728", "journal": "iScience", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The modelling study examined trade-offs among home energy costs, thermal discomfort and power-system effects. Building age and household circumstances influenced the cost of improving comfort, with unequal burdens in many comparisons.", "plainExplanation": "The modelling study examined trade-offs among home energy costs, thermal discomfort and power-system effects. Building age and household circumstances influenced the cost of improving comfort, with unequal burdens in many comparisons.", "why": "The same comfort improvement can cost different households different amounts.", "everydayExample": "An older rental home may require more energy expenditure than a newer home for similar comfort.", "caveat": "Surrogate-model scenarios and estimated incomes do not establish every household's actual costs or preferences.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12179631/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC12179631", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC12179631/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7147, "sourceSha256": "f052f8fc27a78a6868c38bb02408f6830f7f1746a6b69ed301d4d79c9d32dcee" }, { "id": "tv145", "topic": "retrofits", "tags": [ "retrofits" ], "title": "Examining spatial variations in the relationship between domestic energy consumption and its driving factors using multiscale geographically weighted regression: a case study in Nottingham, England", "authors": "Feng Y; Miao Y; Turner E", "authorNames": [ "Feng Y", "Miao Y", "Turner E" ], "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1186/s13705-025-00523-1", "journal": "Energy, Sustainability and Society", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "In Nottingham, spatial modelling found that relationships between domestic energy consumption and household or dwelling characteristics varied across neighbourhoods. A single citywide relationship concealed some local differences.", "plainExplanation": "In Nottingham, spatial modelling found that relationships between domestic energy consumption and household or dwelling characteristics varied across neighbourhoods. A single citywide relationship concealed some local differences.", "why": "Place-specific retrofit policy may fit better than uniform targeting.", "everydayExample": "Compare local housing stock and household needs before applying one city's average consumption assumption.", "caveat": "Area-level spatial associations cannot explain every household's behaviour or establish which intervention will cause the greatest savings.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12066380/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC12066380", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC12066380/fullTextXML", "license": "Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 11646, "sourceSha256": "17a1f148b4d2ab737640c7c83ba3848e9f1d0407c098b67684cd34bdc7108de2" }, { "id": "tv146", "topic": "retrofits", "tags": [ "retrofits" ], "title": "State-of-the-art and real-time implementation of an IoT-based home energy management system for a cluster of dwellings", "authors": "Ramachandra N; Natarajan R", "authorNames": [ "Ramachandra N", "Natarajan R" ], "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35887", "journal": "Heliyon", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The study implemented an IoT home energy-management architecture and evaluated load scheduling for individual and clustered dwellings. Its cluster analysis showed potential reductions in cost and peak-to-average demand.", "plainExplanation": "The study implemented an IoT home energy-management architecture and evaluated load scheduling for individual and clustered dwellings. Its cluster analysis showed potential reductions in cost and peak-to-average demand.", "why": "Coordinating flexible loads can affect neighbourhood peaks as well as individual bills.", "everydayExample": "A housing development could assess whether appliance schedules can be coordinated without disrupting residents.", "caveat": "Cluster benefits rely on assumed participation, equipment and schedules; broader real-world scalability and user preferences require further testing.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11647947/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC11647947", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11647947/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 11010, "sourceSha256": "3fcb5acd20b6ed77da9cb3d44c4243960c8d269c589823f5263b939da07293f1" }, { "id": "tv147", "topic": "retrofits", "tags": [ "retrofits" ], "title": "Data privacy and smart home energy appliances: A stated choice experiment", "authors": "Du H; Han Q; Yang D; de Vries B; van Houten T", "authorNames": [ "Du H", "Han Q", "Yang D", "de Vries B", "van Houten T" ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21448", "journal": "Heliyon", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "A stated-choice experiment examined willingness to share smart-appliance data. Preferences differed with demographic characteristics, while privacy attitudes did not translate simply into choices.", "plainExplanation": "A stated-choice experiment examined willingness to share smart-appliance data. Preferences differed with demographic characteristics, while privacy attitudes did not translate simply into choices.", "why": "Energy services should make data-sharing terms clear and usable.", "everydayExample": "Before adopting a smart thermostat, compare what data it collects and who receives them.", "caveat": "Hypothetical choices may differ from actual purchasing behaviour, and older people were underrepresented.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10637986/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC10637986", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10637986/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7242, "sourceSha256": "7532753a00af870f5904a81aa4acd75d11f1d2d278c52bf241bcf7bc118fc0aa" }, { "id": "tv148", "topic": "retrofits", "tags": [ "retrofits" ], "title": "The short-term effect of residential home energy retrofits on indoor air quality and microbial exposure: A case-control study", "authors": "Nguyen M; Holmes EC; Angenent LT", "authorNames": [ "Nguyen M", "Holmes EC", "Angenent LT" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0230700", "journal": "PLoS ONE", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The case-control study found warmer, less humid conditions after weatherisation, alongside increased radon and changes in indoor microbial communities. Seasonal changes affected some microbial measures.", "plainExplanation": "The case-control study found warmer, less humid conditions after weatherisation, alongside increased radon and changes in indoor microbial communities. Seasonal changes affected some microbial measures.", "why": "Retrofits can alter several indoor conditions at once.", "everydayExample": "A post-retrofit check could assess air quality as well as temperature and comfort.", "caveat": "Short follow-up, a limited housing sample and seasonal influences restrict generalisation and attribution of every microbial change to weatherisation.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8452058/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8452058", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8452058/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 10825, "sourceSha256": "f6a32d199e3a93d2d8518c28e645cde0206b6957fc9fe744319360493f89bd69" }, { "id": "tv149", "topic": "retrofits", "tags": [ "retrofits" ], "title": "Understanding homeowner decision-making through demographics: Barriers to housing retrofit at scale", "authors": "Panakaduwa C; Coates P; Munir M", "authorNames": [ "Panakaduwa C", "Coates P", "Munir M" ], "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0338740", "journal": "PLOS One", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The homeowner survey found that perceived investment returns and concern about unintended consequences influenced retrofit decisions. Demographic relationships were selective, with education and age contributing to some patterns.", "plainExplanation": "The homeowner survey found that perceived investment returns and concern about unintended consequences influenced retrofit decisions. Demographic relationships were selective, with education and age contributing to some patterns.", "why": "Clear information about costs, outcomes and disruption can support decisions.", "everydayExample": "A retrofit adviser could explain uncertainty and likely household impacts before asking a homeowner to commit.", "caveat": "Survey-based attitudes do not prove what households will install; demographic associations are not universal rules for targeting programmes.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12747364/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC12747364", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC12747364/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 8411, "sourceSha256": "a71ff1d0fcfe373e95fa006f97edfdd1807c98fd74f181853a7b777b7822a8d8" }, { "id": "tv150", "topic": "retrofits", "tags": [ "retrofits" ], "title": "Heterogeneous impact of low-income home energy assistance program on energy consumption behavior", "authors": "Hunter-Hill J; Nock D; Laasme H", "authorNames": [ "Hunter-Hill J", "Nock D", "Laasme H" ], "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.isci.2025.113306", "journal": "iScience", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The study found that low-income energy assistance had heterogeneous relationships with household consumption. The effects differed across circumstances, supporting evaluation beyond a single average programme outcome.", "plainExplanation": "The study found that low-income energy assistance had heterogeneous relationships with household consumption. The effects differed across circumstances, supporting evaluation beyond a single average programme outcome.", "why": "Assistance may change how much needed energy a household can use.", "everydayExample": "A supported family might increase heating toward adequate comfort rather than reduce consumption.", "caveat": "Programme data and analytical assumptions limit causal interpretation; findings do not establish the effect of all assistance designs or regions.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12441724/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC12441724", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC12441724/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 11035, "sourceSha256": "3f0722fcd42f1df38bb6141b3f7480766b433b8b49236ca90afbfed96f17ca44" }, { "id": "tv151", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Energy, Poverty, and Health in Climate Change: A Comprehensive Review of an Emerging Literature", "authors": "Sonal Jessel; Samantha Sawyer; Diana Hernández", "authorNames": [ "Sonal Jessel", "Samantha Sawyer", "Diana Hernández" ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2019.00357", "journal": "Frontiers in Public Health", "method": "Review", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The review linked unmet household energy needs with physical health, mental health and overlapping material hardship. It argued that climate change and inequality should be incorporated more fully into energy-insecurity research and policy.", "plainExplanation": "The review linked unmet household energy needs with physical health, mental health and overlapping material hardship. It argued that climate change and inequality should be incorporated more fully into energy-insecurity research and policy.", "why": "Energy access means being able to meet daily needs, not merely having a connection.", "everydayExample": "A household may restrict heating to one room while sacrificing food or other essentials.", "caveat": "The literature spans varied definitions and settings; the review does not quantify a single causal health effect or intervention benefit.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6920209/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC6920209", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC6920209/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "review-article", "sourceBodyWords": 11445, "sourceSha256": "8fe1a63ece23790be023ca53fed26dc4d24a26a3f8d1ceb4661556df4e59126f" }, { "id": "tv152", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Health, Well-Being and Energy Poverty in Europe: A Comparative Study of 32 European Countries", "authors": "Thomson H; Snell C; Bouzarovski S", "authorNames": [ "Thomson H", "Snell C", "Bouzarovski S" ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph14060584", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Across 32 European countries, energy-poor respondents generally reported poorer health and emotional wellbeing. The size of the gap varied between countries and was not explained simply by national prosperity.", "plainExplanation": "Across 32 European countries, energy-poor respondents generally reported poorer health and emotional wellbeing. The size of the gap varied between countries and was not explained simply by national prosperity.", "why": "Energy hardship can be substantial even in relatively wealthy societies.", "everydayExample": "A support programme should assess household needs rather than assume a prosperous region has none.", "caveat": "The exploratory survey comparison uses self-reported conditions and cannot establish the direction of health-energy-poverty relationships.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5486270/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC5486270", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5486270/fullTextXML", "license": "Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7007, "sourceSha256": "76167a5c36eca62168669cf20f3a1a349a99fd83eed91d82c285c4345e262695" }, { "id": "tv153", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Unveiling hidden energy poverty using the energy equity gap", "authors": "Shuchen Cong; Destenie Nock; Yueming Lucy Qiu; Bo Xing", "authorNames": [ "Shuchen Cong", "Destenie Nock", "Yueming Lucy Qiu", "Bo Xing" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1038/s41467-022-30146-5", "journal": "Nature Communications", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The authors developed an energy-equity-gap measure to identify households that may under-consume energy relative to comfortable conditions. It identified a substantially different group from a conventional income-based energy-burden measure.", "plainExplanation": "The authors developed an energy-equity-gap measure to identify households that may under-consume energy relative to comfortable conditions. It identified a substantially different group from a conventional income-based energy-burden measure.", "why": "Low bills can conceal unmet heating or cooling needs.", "everydayExample": "A household keeping a bedroom uncomfortably warm to save money may be missed by bill-based screening.", "caveat": "The new metric depends on modelled reference conditions and the studied sample; it complements rather than replaces every other poverty measure.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9068781/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9068781", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9068781/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7914, "sourceSha256": "0e69f594a828dda1177f706e0a117572ae6950ee7481a078442178af223a3c36" }, { "id": "tv154", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Rethinking the measurement of energy poverty in Europe: A critical analysis of indicators and data", "authors": "Harriet Thomson; Stefan Bouzarovski; Carolyn Snell", "authorNames": [ "Harriet Thomson", "Stefan Bouzarovski", "Carolyn Snell" ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1177/1420326x17699260", "journal": "Indoor + Built Environment", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The paper critically assessed European energy-poverty indicators and available survey data. It showed that different definitions and datasets can identify different populations and prevalence levels.", "plainExplanation": "The paper critically assessed European energy-poverty indicators and available survey data. It showed that different definitions and datasets can identify different populations and prevalence levels.", "why": "How hardship is measured influences who qualifies for support.", "everydayExample": "Combine questions about cold rooms and arrears with income and bill information.", "caveat": "This is an indicator assessment, not a trial; no single measure captures every household's needs or local institutional context.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5584676/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC5584676", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5584676/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 12158, "sourceSha256": "2e2535f4a44f673b4050946b68bde1f8050ba6c5d27365fd94fc2c679d93065b" }, { "id": "tv155", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Cold homes, fuel poverty and energy efficiency improvements: A longitudinal focus group approach", "authors": "Charlotte N. B. Grey; Tina Schmieder-Gaite; Shiyu Jiang; Christina Nascimento; Wouter Poortinga", "authorNames": [ "Charlotte N. B. Grey", "Tina Schmieder-Gaite", "Shiyu Jiang", "Christina Nascimento", "Wouter Poortinga" ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1177/1420326x17703450", "journal": "Indoor + Built Environment", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Longitudinal focus groups described cold housing as affecting stress, social life, use of rooms and wellbeing. Energy-efficiency improvements often helped, but the process of receiving work could itself be stressful.", "plainExplanation": "Longitudinal focus groups described cold housing as affecting stress, social life, use of rooms and wellbeing. Energy-efficiency improvements often helped, but the process of receiving work could itself be stressful.", "why": "Programme delivery matters alongside the installed measures.", "everydayExample": "Provide clear schedules and resident support when upgrading an occupied home.", "caveat": "Qualitative accounts offer depth rather than population-wide effect estimates and cannot isolate every causal pathway.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5571750/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC5571750", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5571750/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7550, "sourceSha256": "bd75e879549532c5b78199277e8824dc3af0143ab1fd2e373b0236ab93dfe59a" }, { "id": "tv156", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Multidimensional Energy Poverty and Mental Health: Micro-Level Evidence from Ghana", "authors": "Lin B; Okyere MA", "authorNames": [ "Lin B", "Okyere MA" ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph17186726", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Ghanaian household analysis linked multidimensional energy deprivation with worse mental-health outcomes. Different deprivations, including inadequate appliance access and reliance on traditional fuels, contributed differently.", "plainExplanation": "Ghanaian household analysis linked multidimensional energy deprivation with worse mental-health outcomes. Different deprivations, including inadequate appliance access and reliance on traditional fuels, contributed differently.", "why": "Energy hardship includes services such as cooking and food storage.", "everydayExample": "Assess whether a household can refrigerate food and cook cleanly rather than asking only about electricity connection.", "caveat": "Statistical associations depend on measurement and modelling choices; they do not establish that providing one appliance will resolve mental-health difficulties.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7558081/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7558081", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7558081/fullTextXML", "license": "Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 8333, "sourceSha256": "18209e8028b14baa961672ecc8584ceae2150ca98941c3233493917baa406fc8" }, { "id": "tv157", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "The effect of energy poverty on mental health, cardiovascular disease and respiratory health: a longitudinal analysis", "authors": "Rebecca Bentley; Lyrian Daniel; Yuxi Li; Emma Baker; Ang Li", "authorNames": [ "Rebecca Bentley", "Lyrian Daniel", "Yuxi Li", "Emma Baker", "Ang Li" ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100734", "journal": "The Lancet Regional Health: Western Pacific", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The longitudinal analysis found a robust relationship between inability to afford adequate home warmth and poorer mental health. Cardiovascular evidence was less consistent in sensitivity checks, and respiratory-disease onset showed little evidence of an effect.", "plainExplanation": "The longitudinal analysis found a robust relationship between inability to afford adequate home warmth and poorer mental health. Cardiovascular evidence was less consistent in sensitivity checks, and respiratory-disease onset showed little evidence of an effect.", "why": "The strongest finding should be separated from weaker or uncertain outcomes.", "everydayExample": "A warmth-support programme could measure financial stress and mental wellbeing as well as physical symptoms.", "caveat": "Observational longitudinal models cannot eliminate all confounding and did not assess every disease exacerbation pathway.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10326697/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC10326697", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10326697/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6206, "sourceSha256": "452997acd2a1055721708391ced578c25054b1bbdfb63227e4b942f5f17e67c7" }, { "id": "tv158", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Multiple aspects of energy poverty are associated with lower mental health-related quality of life: A modelling study in three peri-urban African communities", "authors": "Shupler M; Baame M; Nix E; Tawiah T; Lorenzetti F; Saah J; Anderson de Cuevas R; Sang E; Puzzolo E; Mangeni J; Betang E; Twumasi M; Amenga-Etego S; Quansah R; Mbatchou B; Menya D; Asante KP; Pope D", "authorNames": [ "Shupler M", "Baame M", "Nix E", "Tawiah T", "Lorenzetti F", "Saah J", "Anderson de Cuevas R", "Sang E", "Puzzolo E", "Mangeni J", "Betang E", "Twumasi M", "Amenga-Etego S", "Quansah R", "Mbatchou B", "Menya D", "Asante KP", "Pope D" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100103", "journal": "Ssm. Mental Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "In three peri-urban African communities, aspects of cooking-related energy poverty were associated with poorer mental-health-related quality of life among women. Fuel collection injuries also related to some physical-health measures.", "plainExplanation": "In three peri-urban African communities, aspects of cooking-related energy poverty were associated with poorer mental-health-related quality of life among women. Fuel collection injuries also related to some physical-health measures.", "why": "Household energy services can carry time, safety and wellbeing burdens.", "everydayExample": "Compare clean-cooking access with the time and risks involved in obtaining fuel.", "caveat": "The modelling uses observational community data; it does not prove that switching fuels alone causes the reported quality-of-life differences.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9792378/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9792378", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9792378/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 12248, "sourceSha256": "1d0bb997348a4dc2b0f942be10e29122509a6aa7907ba0f9cd20d487bbf191d1" }, { "id": "tv159", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "“It’s changed my life not to have the continual worry of being warm” – health and wellbeing impacts of a local fuel poverty programme: a mixed-methods evaluation", "authors": "Sawyer A; Sherriff N; Bishop D; Darking M; Huber JW", "authorNames": [ "Sawyer A", "Sherriff N", "Bishop D", "Darking M", "Huber JW" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1186/s12889-022-12994-4", "journal": "BMC Public Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "A mixed-methods evaluation of a local fuel-poverty programme found consistent reports of improved warmth, reduced worry and less isolation following major heating or insulation measures.", "plainExplanation": "A mixed-methods evaluation of a local fuel-poverty programme found consistent reports of improved warmth, reduced worry and less isolation following major heating or insulation measures.", "why": "Affordable warmth can improve how residents use and experience their homes.", "everydayExample": "A resident may feel able to invite visitors once the main living space is comfortably heated.", "caveat": "The evaluation design limits causal claims; beneficiary reports and programme-specific delivery may not generalise to every retrofit scheme.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9020131/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9020131", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9020131/fullTextXML", "license": "Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 11003, "sourceSha256": "c8a3fe9957012549f7bebef1889b63101b7e2723b556ee0c24786105c8f2a782" }, { "id": "tv160", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Energy Poverty and Low Carbon Just Energy Transition: Comparative Study in Lithuania and Greece", "authors": "Streimikiene D; Kyriakopoulos GL; Lekavicius V; Siksnelyte-Butkiene I", "authorNames": [ "Streimikiene D", "Kyriakopoulos GL", "Lekavicius V", "Siksnelyte-Butkiene I" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1007/s11205-021-02685-9", "journal": "Social Indicators Research", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Comparing Lithuania and Greece, the paper developed an indicator framework linking low-carbon transition with social, economic and environmental conditions. It argued that energy-poverty reduction should be assessed alongside decarbonisation progress.", "plainExplanation": "Comparing Lithuania and Greece, the paper developed an indicator framework linking low-carbon transition with social, economic and environmental conditions. It argued that energy-poverty reduction should be assessed alongside decarbonisation progress.", "why": "A lower-carbon system should also be evaluated for household affordability.", "everydayExample": "Compare a proposed heating transition's running costs and support measures for low-income residents.", "caveat": "Country-level indicators simplify diverse household situations and do not estimate the outcome of a particular home retrofit.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8081766/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8081766", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8081766/fullTextXML", "license": "This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 17132, "sourceSha256": "72188de8003ae91b81669d41b8415ffcd2a2c523f43789f20e18c74b80d512b0" }, { "id": "tv161", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Do unemployment benefits and economic aids to pay electricity bills remove the energy poverty risk of Spanish family units during lockdown? A study of COVID-19-induced lockdown", "authors": "David Bienvenido-Huertas", "authorNames": [ "David Bienvenido-Huertas" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.enpol.2020.112117", "journal": "Energy Policy", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Spanish lockdown scenarios showed that unemployment benefits and bill assistance could reduce but did not necessarily eliminate household energy-poverty risk. The authors explored support varying with income and season.", "plainExplanation": "Spanish lockdown scenarios showed that unemployment benefits and bill assistance could reduce but did not necessarily eliminate household energy-poverty risk. The authors explored support varying with income and season.", "why": "A fixed discount may not match changing household needs.", "everydayExample": "A family spending more time at home may need different assistance in winter and summer.", "caveat": "Results come from specified household and lockdown scenarios rather than a direct evaluation of every recipient's realised experience.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9759601/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9759601", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9759601/fullTextXML", "license": "Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7728, "sourceSha256": "ff062870b1da2386e3eb644e031c94e31cee414ac1fdac2d4f01048653b9d515" }, { "id": "tv162", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "The association of energy poverty with health, health care utilisation and medication use in southern Europe", "authors": "Laura Oliveras; Lucia Artazcoz; Carme Borrell; Laia Palència; María José López; Mercè Gotsens; Andrés Peralta; Marc Marí-Dell’Olmo", "authorNames": [ "Laura Oliveras", "Lucia Artazcoz", "Carme Borrell", "Laia Palència", "María José López", "Mercè Gotsens", "Andrés Peralta", "Marc Marí-Dell’Olmo" ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100665", "journal": "SSM - Population Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "In Barcelona, energy poverty was associated with poorer health, greater healthcare use and more medication use. Disadvantaged groups experienced a disproportionate share of hardship.", "plainExplanation": "In Barcelona, energy poverty was associated with poorer health, greater healthcare use and more medication use. Disadvantaged groups experienced a disproportionate share of hardship.", "why": "Energy affordability is relevant to public health and housing equity.", "everydayExample": "A local assessment could connect energy-support services with community health outreach.", "caveat": "The cross-sectional survey cannot establish whether energy poverty caused each health outcome or distinguish all overlapping disadvantages.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7645633/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7645633", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7645633/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5456, "sourceSha256": "fdfd2fd46c28ebf01462adbc72a6f790cc29ecd2fb48ba8170bc7297dbb11574" }, { "id": "tv163", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Fleeting energy protections: State and utility level policy responses to energy poverty in the United States during COVID-19", "authors": "Dominic J. Bednar; Tony G. Reames", "authorNames": [ "Dominic J. Bednar", "Tony G. Reames" ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.erss.2023.103045", "journal": "Energy Research & Social Science", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Across major US metropolitan areas, pandemic-era utility protections differed in type, timing and authority. Support was uneven relative to household energy burdens.", "plainExplanation": "Across major US metropolitan areas, pandemic-era utility protections differed in type, timing and authority. Support was uneven relative to household energy burdens.", "why": "Where a household lives can affect the protections available during a crisis.", "everydayExample": "Compare local disconnection rules and assistance access when designing tenant support.", "caveat": "The policy review captures a particular crisis period and does not establish long-term effectiveness or current eligibility rules.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10049889/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC10049889", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10049889/fullTextXML", "license": "Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4526, "sourceSha256": "8276507de9df3ecdd8d72524ad7b651e4c9178046dace5971e37a7d0f036871c" }, { "id": "tv164", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Energy Poverty and Depression in Rural China: Evidence from the Quantile Regression Approach", "authors": "Zhang J; He Y; Zhang J", "authorNames": [ "Zhang J", "He Y", "Zhang J" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph19021006", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The rural China analysis found that energy poverty's relationship with depression differed across the depression-score distribution. Associations were stronger among people already at higher risk.", "plainExplanation": "The rural China analysis found that energy poverty's relationship with depression differed across the depression-score distribution. Associations were stronger among people already at higher risk.", "why": "Average relationships can hide differences in vulnerability.", "everydayExample": "An energy-support assessment could recognise that similar hardship may have different wellbeing consequences.", "caveat": "Regression and instrumental-variable conclusions depend on assumptions; the study does not establish an individual diagnosis or guaranteed intervention effect.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8776053/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8776053", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8776053/fullTextXML", "license": "Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 9220, "sourceSha256": "57af6440adc70d9b91167c5ecdd5d8ae3d6d70585693bfb58ee7366cde5ed094" }, { "id": "tv165", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Fuel poverty and financial distress", "authors": "Burlinson A; Giulietti M; Law C; Liu HH", "authorNames": [ "Burlinson A", "Giulietti M", "Law C", "Liu HH" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105464", "journal": "Energy Economics", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The study linked fuel poverty with financial distress and expectations about future finances, including during the early pandemic. It argued that energy-support policies should consider wider household financial consequences.", "plainExplanation": "The study linked fuel poverty with financial distress and expectations about future finances, including during the early pandemic. It argued that energy-support policies should consider wider household financial consequences.", "why": "Heating costs can interact with other debts and essential spending.", "everydayExample": "A resident may postpone bills or necessities to keep a home warm.", "caveat": "Econometric evidence does not remove every source of confounding, and results do not establish the effect of each possible support programme.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8479554/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8479554", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8479554/fullTextXML", "license": "Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 13654, "sourceSha256": "e60e391370484a028ce3540f4c3420eb1b44ad78ff72ed9578f5e8e46fd46ce7" }, { "id": "tv166", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Assessing the impact of energy and fuel poverty on health: a European scoping review", "authors": "Sarah N Champagne; Euan Phimister; Jennie I Macdiarmid; Aravinda Meera Guntupalli", "authorNames": [ "Sarah N Champagne", "Euan Phimister", "Jennie I Macdiarmid", "Aravinda Meera Guntupalli" ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1093/eurpub/ckad108", "journal": "The European Journal of Public Health", "method": "Review", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The European scoping review found links between energy or fuel poverty and several health domains, especially respiratory symptoms, mental health and wellbeing. Children and older adults appeared particularly vulnerable in the literature.", "plainExplanation": "The European scoping review found links between energy or fuel poverty and several health domains, especially respiratory symptoms, mental health and wellbeing. Children and older adults appeared particularly vulnerable in the literature.", "why": "Health can be an important outcome of energy-poverty policy.", "everydayExample": "A housing programme could track comfort, respiratory symptoms and wellbeing alongside affordability.", "caveat": "Heterogeneous definitions and study designs limit direct comparison and do not yield one universal causal effect size.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10567131/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC10567131", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10567131/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4105, "sourceSha256": "07c5a058ed84c8cf7387d4d9fb981baf7609f504b6dadab162c899c07e619c00", "correctionUrl": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10710350/", "correctionNote": "Correction: additional author affiliation restored." }, { "id": "tv167", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Multidimensional energy poverty and depression among China's older adults", "authors": "Jianming Hou; Wenjian Zhou; Yang Jiang", "authorNames": [ "Jianming Hou", "Wenjian Zhou", "Yang Jiang" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2022.977958", "journal": "Frontiers in Public Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The study associated multidimensional energy poverty with greater depression among older Chinese adults. Relationships differed by location and living arrangement, with life satisfaction examined as a possible pathway.", "plainExplanation": "The study associated multidimensional energy poverty with greater depression among older Chinese adults. Relationships differed by location and living arrangement, with life satisfaction examined as a possible pathway.", "why": "Living alone and local infrastructure can matter when identifying support needs.", "everydayExample": "An older resident with limited energy services may need both housing and social support.", "caveat": "Mediation and regional patterns are model-based observational findings, not proof of a causal mechanism or a specific programme's effectiveness.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9511044/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9511044", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9511044/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6171, "sourceSha256": "e3da3e7cef564882279feca68d6142450edc4e29c9e46eeccee5b72e02e64f49" }, { "id": "tv168", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "EU climate action through an energy poverty lens", "authors": "Toon Vandyck; Nives Della Valle; Umed Temursho; Matthias Weitzel", "authorNames": [ "Toon Vandyck", "Nives Della Valle", "Umed Temursho", "Matthias Weitzel" ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-32705-2", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The modelling analysis found that climate-policy design could worsen or reduce energy poverty. Income-targeted recycling of policy revenues offered a way to offset adverse distributional effects in the examined scenarios.", "plainExplanation": "The modelling analysis found that climate-policy design could worsen or reduce energy poverty. Income-targeted recycling of policy revenues offered a way to offset adverse distributional effects in the examined scenarios.", "why": "Decarbonisation outcomes depend partly on how costs and support are distributed.", "everydayExample": "Compare a carbon-pricing proposal with its household rebates rather than assessing the price alone.", "caveat": "Scenario estimates rely on economic and behavioural assumptions and should not be treated as predictions for every household.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10102115/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC10102115", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10102115/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5154, "sourceSha256": "4efc000dfb129ce109072ed870bca819a23e7940193d5c4e554a23bb0fc4a982" }, { "id": "tv169", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Cool? Young people investigate living in cold housing and fuel poverty. A mixed methods action research study", "authors": "Kimberley C. O'Sullivan; Philippa Howden-Chapman; Dalice Sim; James Stanley; Rebekah L. Rowan; Isobel K. Harris Clark; Lydia L.A. Morrison; The Waiopehu College 2015 Research Team", "authorNames": [ "Kimberley C. O'Sullivan", "Philippa Howden-Chapman", "Dalice Sim", "James Stanley", "Rebekah L. Rowan", "Isobel K. Harris Clark", "Lydia L.A. Morrison", "The Waiopehu College 2015 Research Team" ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.12.006", "journal": "SSM - Population Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The New Zealand mixed-methods study found that cold housing and fuel-poverty indicators were important problems for young people, including those in rental housing. Young participants also expressed concern about the need for policy action.", "plainExplanation": "The New Zealand mixed-methods study found that cold housing and fuel-poverty indicators were important problems for young people, including those in rental housing. Young participants also expressed concern about the need for policy action.", "why": "Housing warmth is relevant beyond older or medically vulnerable groups.", "everydayExample": "Ask student renters whether heating costs prevent them from using their living space comfortably.", "caveat": "Recruitment and retention constrained the qualitative component, and survey associations do not establish retrofit effects.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5769017/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC5769017", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5769017/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6370, "sourceSha256": "784e2089b4de22fd6cb9fbc30331518f072b86275a9d61bb05c78a9e927209df" }, { "id": "tv170", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "A Systematic Review of Associations between Energy Use, Fuel Poverty, Energy Efficiency Improvements and Health", "authors": "Chengju Wang; Juan Wang; Dan Norbäck", "authorNames": [ "Chengju Wang", "Juan Wang", "Dan Norbäck" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph19127393", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "method": "Review", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The systematic review found potential health benefits from efficient heating and insulation, particularly in fuel-poor homes, but highlighted ventilation-related risks. Airtightness improvements could worsen some exposures unless indoor-air management was considered.", "plainExplanation": "The systematic review found potential health benefits from efficient heating and insulation, particularly in fuel-poor homes, but highlighted ventilation-related risks. Airtightness improvements could worsen some exposures unless indoor-air management was considered.", "why": "Healthy retrofits address heat loss and pollutant control together.", "everydayExample": "Include ventilation assessment when planning insulation and air sealing.", "caveat": "The evidence combines different interventions and designs; mechanical ventilation performance also depends on outdoor pollution, installation and operation.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9223700/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9223700", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9223700/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "review-article", "sourceBodyWords": 3797, "sourceSha256": "e3242d73816093b3d87854317af723ce9ece559038d515197b196351098ccbd2" }, { "id": "tv171", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Localized energy burden, concentrated disadvantage, and the feminization of energy poverty", "authors": "Chien-fei Chen; Jimmy Feng; Nikki Luke; Cheng-Pin Kuo; Joshua S. Fu", "authorNames": [ "Chien-fei Chen", "Jimmy Feng", "Nikki Luke", "Cheng-Pin Kuo", "Joshua S. Fu" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.isci.2022.104139", "journal": "iScience", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Neighbourhood analysis found concentrated energy burdens associated with overlapping disadvantage, including households headed by women of colour. The pattern worsened during the pandemic in the examined data.", "plainExplanation": "Neighbourhood analysis found concentrated energy burdens associated with overlapping disadvantage, including households headed by women of colour. The pattern worsened during the pandemic in the examined data.", "why": "Energy hardship should be assessed through intersecting housing and social circumstances.", "everydayExample": "A local programme could check whether its referrals reach heavily burdened single-parent households.", "caveat": "Area-level patterns cannot establish every individual's circumstances, and the pandemic-period context limits direct transfer to other periods.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8991312/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8991312", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8991312/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7790, "sourceSha256": "1f6926f97636d9ee91dcdca1b4f4788250cbc9e0f918afcf15a078b3c1b2b892" }, { "id": "tv172", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Use of Simple Telemetry to Reduce the Health Impacts of Fuel Poverty and Living in Cold Homes", "authors": "Pollard A; Jones T; Sherratt S; Sharpe RA", "authorNames": [ "Pollard A", "Jones T", "Sherratt S", "Sharpe RA" ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph16162853", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The pilot explored simple home-temperature telemetry alongside support for people with long-standing illness. It highlighted differences in warmth needs and the importance of combining monitoring, resident behaviour and building improvements.", "plainExplanation": "The pilot explored simple home-temperature telemetry alongside support for people with long-standing illness. It highlighted differences in warmth needs and the importance of combining monitoring, resident behaviour and building improvements.", "why": "Monitoring may help reveal unmet warmth needs but is not an intervention by itself.", "everydayExample": "A consent-based service could use room-temperature readings to guide a conversation about heating difficulty.", "caveat": "The small descriptive pilot cannot establish cost-effectiveness or prove reductions in illness; larger evaluations are needed.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6720612/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC6720612", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC6720612/fullTextXML", "license": "Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7653, "sourceSha256": "40d89e7a870a4f16377a72949aceb354a4ddfe2cf3813c1a3ceb3725e8d190c6" }, { "id": "tv173", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Energy poverty in the COVID-19 era: Mapping global responses in light of momentum for the right to energy", "authors": "Hesselman M; Varo A; Guyet R; Thomson H", "authorNames": [ "Hesselman M", "Varo A", "Guyet R", "Thomson H" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.erss.2021.102246", "journal": "Energy Research & Social Science", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The paper mapped pandemic-era household-energy protections internationally and considered them through a right-to-energy framework. Responses varied, demonstrating the need for both immediate safeguards and longer-term access policies.", "plainExplanation": "The paper mapped pandemic-era household-energy protections internationally and considered them through a right-to-energy framework. Responses varied, demonstrating the need for both immediate safeguards and longer-term access policies.", "why": "Emergency bill protection and durable housing improvement address different needs.", "everydayExample": "A household may need disconnection protection now and a more efficient home later.", "caveat": "The policy map was not a definitive global inventory or an evaluation of each measure's effectiveness, and policies can change.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8520655/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8520655", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8520655/fullTextXML", "license": "Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 11735, "sourceSha256": "727eebb776ea93055c58709e3aef24101a6b928d3b53423804e4fee142e6e330" }, { "id": "tv174", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "The Association of Energy Poverty with Health and Wellbeing in Children in a Mediterranean City", "authors": "Oliveras L; Borrell C; González-Pijuan I; Gotsens M; López MJ; Palència L; Artazcoz L; Marí-Dell'Olmo M", "authorNames": [ "Oliveras L", "Borrell C", "González-Pijuan I", "Gotsens M", "López MJ", "Palència L", "Artazcoz L", "Marí-Dell'Olmo M" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph18115961", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Barcelona survey data associated children's household energy poverty with poorer reported health and wellbeing, including mental-health and respiratory indicators. Exposure was unevenly distributed across families.", "plainExplanation": "Barcelona survey data associated children's household energy poverty with poorer reported health and wellbeing, including mental-health and respiratory indicators. Exposure was unevenly distributed across families.", "why": "Children's housing conditions belong in energy-support decisions.", "everydayExample": "A family support assessment could ask whether costs prevent adequate heating or cooling.", "caveat": "The cross-sectional design and reported health measures cannot prove causation; uncertainty is substantial for some outcome estimates.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8199602/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8199602", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8199602/fullTextXML", "license": "Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5732, "sourceSha256": "2f5988357ae68286bde3f98ac6851511dbcb4eef06971a676d87df093f7a3700" }, { "id": "tv175", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Occupant behaviour as a fourth driver of fuel poverty (aka warmth & energy deprivation)", "authors": "Kearns A; Whitley E; Curl A", "authorNames": [ "Kearns A", "Whitley E", "Curl A" ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1016/j.enpol.2019.03.023", "journal": "Energy Policy", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The longitudinal study found that movements into and out of fuel poverty involved employment, health, social contact and household circumstances. Home improvements alone did not explain relief from the experienced hardship measure.", "plainExplanation": "The longitudinal study found that movements into and out of fuel poverty involved employment, health, social contact and household circumstances. Home improvements alone did not explain relief from the experienced hardship measure.", "why": "A retrofit may need complementary income and social support.", "everydayExample": "A household with improved insulation can still struggle after job loss.", "caveat": "The findings depend on a subjective measure and particular population; they do not show that home improvements lack value generally.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6559261/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC6559261", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC6559261/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 11642, "sourceSha256": "c179b9cbc537c1466c3d3f8b0cefe6481742e9a4c135bdc0d8d9d99aa376112c" }, { "id": "tv176", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "US federal resource allocations are inconsistent with concentrations of energy poverty", "authors": "Carlos Batlle; Peter Heller; Christopher Knittel; Tim Schittekatte", "authorNames": [ "Carlos Batlle", "Peter Heller", "Christopher Knittel", "Tim Schittekatte" ], "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.adp8183", "journal": "Science Advances", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The authors compared US energy-assistance allocations with an allocation model prioritising highly burdened households. The model shifted support toward warmer southern states relative to existing allocation patterns.", "plainExplanation": "The authors compared US energy-assistance allocations with an allocation model prioritising highly burdened households. The model shifted support toward warmer southern states relative to existing allocation patterns.", "why": "Cooling needs can be missed when support systems emphasise historical heating demand.", "everydayExample": "A hot-climate renter may face substantial essential cooling costs despite mild winters.", "caveat": "Optimised allocations reflect chosen objectives and modelled burdens; they are not proof of a uniquely correct funding formula.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11463276/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC11463276", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11463276/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7919, "sourceSha256": "0ba707b61497557232eff605acd27005622cd1a50f38fe0c2912b8387deadc23" }, { "id": "tv177", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Energy poverty: an overlooked determinant of health and climate resilience in Canada", "authors": "Mylène Riva; Sophie Kingunza Makasi; Kimberley C. O’Sullivan; Runa R. Das; Philippe Dufresne; David Kaiser; Sébastien Breau", "authorNames": [ "Mylène Riva", "Sophie Kingunza Makasi", "Kimberley C. O’Sullivan", "Runa R. Das", "Philippe Dufresne", "David Kaiser", "Sébastien Breau" ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.17269/s41997-023-00741-0", "journal": "Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Canadian survey analysis associated energy poverty with poorer general and mental health and dissatisfaction with home efficiency and seasonal comfort. It highlighted implications for equitable climate resilience.", "plainExplanation": "Canadian survey analysis associated energy poverty with poorer general and mental health and dissatisfaction with home efficiency and seasonal comfort. It highlighted implications for equitable climate resilience.", "why": "Canadian energy policy should account for renters and other households unable to fund upgrades.", "everydayExample": "A support programme could ask about summer cooling affordability as well as winter heating bills.", "caveat": "Survey associations do not establish individual causation or the measured effect of a particular retrofit programme.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10156884/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC10156884", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10156884/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 4670, "sourceSha256": "a9a238ff9443e5724b60e522550bdc722c61ef671cdf4a9e07cc083e8f9690d6" }, { "id": "tv178", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Linking Housing Conditions and Energy Poverty: From a Perspective of Household Energy Self-Restriction", "authors": "Chen K; Feng C", "authorNames": [ "Chen K", "Feng C" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph19148254", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The Chinese household study linked housing conditions with different energy-poverty categories and self-restricted consumption. Poorer housing and limited equipment were associated with unmet energy needs.", "plainExplanation": "The Chinese household study linked housing conditions with different energy-poverty categories and self-restricted consumption. Poorer housing and limited equipment were associated with unmet energy needs.", "why": "Low consumption can reflect deprivation rather than efficiency.", "everydayExample": "A renter using very little heating may still live in an inefficient and uncomfortable home.", "caveat": "Cross-sectional survey data and indicator definitions limit causal conclusions and transfer to other countries' housing systems.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9317078/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9317078", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9317078/fullTextXML", "license": "Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 8946, "sourceSha256": "7a369fa279da727c1a49e709aa1b7599d23f838f5dfb93629670fc3913b3111e" }, { "id": "tv179", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Energy poverty and its relationship with health: empirical evidence on the dynamics of energy poverty and poor health in Australia", "authors": "Heather Brown; Esperanza Vera-Toscano", "authorNames": [ "Heather Brown", "Esperanza Vera-Toscano" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1007/s43546-021-00149-3", "journal": "Sn Business & Economics", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Australian longitudinal modelling found mixed evidence of two-way relationships between energy poverty and poor health. Results depended on how hardship was measured, with subjective measures showing clearer cross-dependency.", "plainExplanation": "Australian longitudinal modelling found mixed evidence of two-way relationships between energy poverty and poor health. Results depended on how hardship was measured, with subjective measures showing clearer cross-dependency.", "why": "Health and energy hardship may reinforce each other, but measurement matters.", "everydayExample": "A resident's difficulty paying bills may interact with illness-related heating needs.", "caveat": "Dynamic-model results depend on initial conditions and variable definitions; they do not establish a universal poverty-health cycle.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8591752/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8591752", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8591752/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 8050, "sourceSha256": "ddc92af992d4ccb1164c13835faafa0e4133f22228a455019aa8ec18899877bd" }, { "id": "tv180", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Energy poverty influences urban outdoor air pollution levels during COVID-19 lockdown in south-central Chile", "authors": "Aner Martinez-Soto; Constanza C. Avendaño Vera; Alex Boso; Alvaro Hofflinger; Matthew Shupler", "authorNames": [ "Aner Martinez-Soto", "Constanza C. Avendaño Vera", "Alex Boso", "Alvaro Hofflinger", "Matthew Shupler" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112571", "journal": "Energy Policy", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "During lockdown in south-central Chile, outdoor particle pollution increased in some more affluent areas where wood heating rose, while poorer households appeared to restrict heating. Meteorological differences did not explain the full pattern.", "plainExplanation": "During lockdown in south-central Chile, outdoor particle pollution increased in some more affluent areas where wood heating rose, while poorer households appeared to restrict heating. Meteorological differences did not explain the full pattern.", "why": "Cleaner outdoor air can sometimes coincide with unmet household warmth needs.", "everydayExample": "Evaluate clean-heating affordability alongside neighbourhood pollution measurements.", "caveat": "The exceptional lockdown context and observational attribution limit generalisation; lower pollution does not establish adequate indoor comfort.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8418915/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8418915", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8418915/fullTextXML", "license": "Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6387, "sourceSha256": "3ebc9b6351b75be3af69c0c1d76cfe56c05cac5c6e36d10c15436b9efb9b292a" }, { "id": "tv181", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Analysing natural ventilation to reduce the cooling energy consumption and the fuel poverty of social dwellings in coastal zones", "authors": "David Bienvenido-Huertas; Daniel Sánchez-García; Carlos Rubio-Bellido", "authorNames": [ "David Bienvenido-Huertas", "Daniel Sánchez-García", "Carlos Rubio-Bellido" ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115845", "journal": "Applied Energy", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The study analysed natural ventilation as a way to reduce cooling demand and fuel-poverty risk in coastal social housing. It examined how climate and household circumstances influenced the potential benefit.", "plainExplanation": "The study analysed natural ventilation as a way to reduce cooling demand and fuel-poverty risk in coastal social housing. It examined how climate and household circumstances influenced the potential benefit.", "why": "Ventilation opportunities depend on outdoor conditions and residents' ability to use openings.", "everydayExample": "A coastal dwelling may benefit from suitable nighttime airflow when outdoor air is cooler.", "caveat": "Modelled strategies assume particular weather and operation; security, noise and air pollution can constrain real-world use.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7492146/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7492146", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7492146/fullTextXML", "license": "Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 11015, "sourceSha256": "8bf60a4ac4cfa3149b52ddbe9d9320f3012e3f5470a860384d093d5d0d6518aa" }, { "id": "tv182", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Qualitative evaluation of an intervention to reduce energy poverty", "authors": "Jacques-Aviñó C; Dvorzak JL; Marí-Dell'Olmo M; Arjona DR; Peralta A; Carrere J; Benach J; Ramos C; Plana M; López MJ", "authorNames": [ "Jacques-Aviñó C", "Dvorzak JL", "Marí-Dell'Olmo M", "Arjona DR", "Peralta A", "Carrere J", "Benach J", "Ramos C", "Plana M", "López MJ" ], "year": 2019, "doi": "10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053001212", "journal": "Revista de Saúde Pública", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Participants in an energy-poverty intervention described greater knowledge of energy rights, reduced bills and improved psychosocial wellbeing. The evaluation also identified limits where deteriorated dwellings required physical repairs.", "plainExplanation": "Participants in an energy-poverty intervention described greater knowledge of energy rights, reduced bills and improved psychosocial wellbeing. The evaluation also identified limits where deteriorated dwellings required physical repairs.", "why": "Advice and empowerment can help, but cannot substitute for all building work.", "everydayExample": "A resident may understand a tariff better while still needing a landlord to repair the home.", "caveat": "Qualitative sampling limits representation and does not establish a population-wide saving or causal health effect.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6707618/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC6707618", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC6707618/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5341, "sourceSha256": "9a3ca4efdb8d782edc97841ecfa87335caf1738a20dbcf0748865e7d8a4a29aa" }, { "id": "tv183", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Encountering energy precarity: Geographies of fuel poverty among young adults in the UK", "authors": "Petrova S", "authorNames": [ "Petrova S" ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1111/tran.12196", "journal": "Transactions", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The Birmingham qualitative study described energy precarity among young private renters as extending beyond bills and the home itself. Housing arrangements, routines and institutional conditions shaped deprivation.", "plainExplanation": "The Birmingham qualitative study described energy precarity among young private renters as extending beyond bills and the home itself. Housing arrangements, routines and institutional conditions shaped deprivation.", "why": "Energy hardship can affect where and how residents spend their day.", "everydayExample": "A student renter might leave a cold home to study elsewhere.", "caveat": "A place-specific qualitative case provides insight rather than a prevalence estimate or a controlled test of retrofit effectiveness.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5856056/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC5856056", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5856056/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 10198, "sourceSha256": "de274d3c004e9eae2d2d6824bca2c1cc5560af8ddd40889ee313462a5f498b3a" }, { "id": "tv184", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Predictors of fuel poverty and the equity of local fuel poverty support: secondary analysis of data from Bradford, England", "authors": "Little E; Barnes A; Power M", "authorNames": [ "Little E", "Barnes A", "Power M" ], "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1177/17579139241245346", "journal": "Perspectives in Public Health", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Bradford data showed that local fuel-poverty predictors partly matched national patterns but also differed. Evaluation of a local support service identified groups needing more equitable referral.", "plainExplanation": "Bradford data showed that local fuel-poverty predictors partly matched national patterns but also differed. Evaluation of a local support service identified groups needing more equitable referral.", "why": "Eligibility and outreach should be checked against local households.", "everydayExample": "Review whether younger or multi-person households are being missed by a warmth-support programme.", "caveat": "Retrospective cross-sectional analysis cannot establish why referral gaps arose or whether national patterns apply unchanged elsewhere.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11103903/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC11103903", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11103903/fullTextXML", "license": "This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6486, "sourceSha256": "3dc89fb4dcd9ef686885ecfba8d70992e10adb4357deeb107999277458f5532a" }, { "id": "tv185", "topic": "equity", "tags": [ "equity" ], "title": "Household energy poverty and trajectories of emotional and behavioural difficulties in children and adolescents: findings from two prospective cohort studies", "authors": "O Driscoll DJ; Kiely E; O'Keeffe LM; Khashan AS", "authorNames": [ "O Driscoll DJ", "Kiely E", "O'Keeffe LM", "Khashan AS" ], "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1007/s00127-024-02616-2", "journal": "Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Two prospective cohorts linked early household energy poverty with some later emotional and behavioural difficulties. Associations could diminish over childhood, and the authors called for replication and stronger causal evidence.", "plainExplanation": "Two prospective cohorts linked early household energy poverty with some later emotional and behavioural difficulties. Associations could diminish over childhood, and the authors called for replication and stronger causal evidence.", "why": "Potential child-wellbeing effects need careful longitudinal study.", "everydayExample": "A housing-support evaluation could follow families over time rather than rely on one survey.", "caveat": "The observed associations may be transient and confounded; the paper does not establish that energy poverty caused every reported difficulty.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11291537/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC11291537", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11291537/fullTextXML", "license": "Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6555, "sourceSha256": "215e874a0ad76dbe1492c5515d67174ca171d421d9514a127e4d6aa4c31cfff7" }, { "id": "tv186", "topic": "future", "tags": [ "future" ], "title": "Climate Change, Weather, Housing Precarity, and Homelessness: A Systematic Review of Reviews", "authors": "Bezgrebelna M; McKenzie K; Wells S; Ravindran A; Kral M; Christensen J; Stergiopoulos V; Gaetz S; Kidd SA", "authorNames": [ "Bezgrebelna M", "McKenzie K", "Wells S", "Ravindran A", "Kral M", "Christensen J", "Stergiopoulos V", "Gaetz S", "Kidd SA" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph18115812", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "method": "Review", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "This review of reviews found that extreme weather threatens people without secure shelter and may contribute to homelessness through displacement, poverty and intersecting pressures. It identified important synthesis and planning gaps.", "plainExplanation": "This review of reviews found that extreme weather threatens people without secure shelter and may contribute to homelessness through displacement, poverty and intersecting pressures. It identified important synthesis and planning gaps.", "why": "Climate resilience includes access to stable housing and shelter.", "everydayExample": "Heat planning should include people in precarious accommodation as well as homeowners.", "caveat": "Evidence and definitions varied across reviews, and reliable quantitative estimates of several pathways remain limited.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8199223/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8199223", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8199223/fullTextXML", "license": "Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "review-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7251, "sourceSha256": "142ddebe81668fe0ffef30163ff79ff28801e71c8827dfda1be55e17a9d77da0" }, { "id": "tv187", "topic": "future", "tags": [ "future" ], "title": "Air-quality-related health impacts from climate change and from adaptation of cooling demand for buildings in the eastern United States: An interdisciplinary modeling study", "authors": "David W. Abel; Tracey Holloway; Monica Harkey; Paul Meier; Doug Ahl; Vijay S. Limaye; Jonathan A. Patz", "authorNames": [ "David W. Abel", "Tracey Holloway", "Monica Harkey", "Paul Meier", "Doug Ahl", "Vijay S. Limaye", "Jonathan A. Patz" ], "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pmed.1002599", "journal": "PLoS Medicine", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The interdisciplinary model linked future warming, building cooling demand, electricity generation and air-pollution health impacts. Increased cooling-related power emissions contributed to modelled future health burdens unless countered by cleaner supply and efficiency.", "plainExplanation": "The interdisciplinary model linked future warming, building cooling demand, electricity generation and air-pollution health impacts. Increased cooling-related power emissions contributed to modelled future health burdens unless countered by cleaner supply and efficiency.", "why": "Protecting indoor comfort and decarbonising electricity are connected tasks.", "everydayExample": "Compare a cooling upgrade's efficiency alongside the electricity source.", "caveat": "The analysis used limited climate simulation periods and exploratory extrapolation; estimated mortality is not an observed future outcome.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6029751/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC6029751", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC6029751/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7489, "sourceSha256": "15e433cd8789f71ec44d33fb2eb519e17786f77bec9cbcf0e0cb493dfd143ca9" }, { "id": "tv188", "topic": "future", "tags": [ "future" ], "title": "Energy efficiency to reduce residential electricity and natural gas use under climate change", "authors": "Janet L. Reyna; Mikhail V. Chester", "authorNames": [ "Janet L. Reyna", "Mikhail V. Chester" ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1038/ncomms14916", "journal": "Nature Communications", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The US residential modelling study projected rising electricity demand under warming and changing household conditions. More efficient equipment and appliances moderated the increase in the examined policy scenarios.", "plainExplanation": "The US residential modelling study projected rising electricity demand under warming and changing household conditions. More efficient equipment and appliances moderated the increase in the examined policy scenarios.", "why": "Efficiency can reduce the scale of future cooling-related demand growth.", "everydayExample": "When replacing cooling equipment, consider performance over expected future use as well as current bills.", "caveat": "Long-term demand estimates depend on population, technology and policy assumptions and are not a forecast for one household.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5440627/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC5440627", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5440627/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7846, "sourceSha256": "75c89f29fec192d7685e85f1594a18a9fd7f2b1b597e33c800111eedb141e105" }, { "id": "tv189", "topic": "future", "tags": [ "future" ], "title": "Impacts of climate change, population growth, and power sector decarbonization on urban building energy use", "authors": "Wang C; Song J; Shi D; Reyna JL; Horsey H; Feron S; Zhou Y; Ouyang Z; Li Y; Jackson RB", "authorNames": [ "Wang C", "Song J", "Shi D", "Reyna JL", "Horsey H", "Feron S", "Zhou Y", "Ouyang Z", "Li Y", "Jackson RB" ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1038/s41467-023-41458-5", "journal": "Nature Communications", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Across US cities, the model found that climate, population growth and power-sector decarbonisation affected building source-energy use differently. Strong differences between cities made national averages insufficient for local planning.", "plainExplanation": "Across US cities, the model found that climate, population growth and power-sector decarbonisation affected building source-energy use differently. Strong differences between cities made national averages insufficient for local planning.", "why": "Site energy, source energy and carbon emissions are distinct outcomes.", "everydayExample": "A city's electricity use can rise while cleaner generation changes its wider energy and emissions impact.", "caveat": "Scenario results depend on city growth and electricity assumptions; average source-energy changes do not imply falling summer cooling demand everywhere.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10584859/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC10584859", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10584859/fullTextXML", "license": "Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 12669, "sourceSha256": "d9bebd387a05cacf677ca549f35f6daf445963be54f95938e656b1488e01da4b" }, { "id": "tv190", "topic": "future", "tags": [ "future" ], "title": "Combating Climate Change-induced Heat Stress: Assessing Cool Roofs and Its Impact on the Indoor Ambient Temperature of the Households in the Urban Slums of Ahmedabad", "authors": "Vellingiri S; Dutta P; Singh S; Sathish LM; Pingle S; Brahmbhatt B", "authorNames": [ "Vellingiri S", "Dutta P", "Singh S", "Sathish LM", "Pingle S", "Brahmbhatt B" ], "year": 2020, "doi": "10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_120_19", "journal": "Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The Ahmedabad study compared cool-roof approaches in selected informal-settlement homes and discussed their relevance where insecure tenure discourages permanent investment. It connected thermal adaptation with practical housing constraints.", "plainExplanation": "The Ahmedabad study compared cool-roof approaches in selected informal-settlement homes and discussed their relevance where insecure tenure discourages permanent investment. It connected thermal adaptation with practical housing constraints.", "why": "An affordable measure also needs to fit residents' tenure and mobility.", "everydayExample": "A reversible roof improvement may be more feasible where long-term occupancy is uncertain.", "caveat": "The small cross-sectional household comparison covered a short period; it cannot isolate every building difference or establish year-round savings.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7227734/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC7227734", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7227734/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 2926, "sourceSha256": "fa8c3098fef69f676576b3314739ec52716310beae363eedb2ee9f209d5e527c" }, { "id": "tv191", "topic": "future", "tags": [ "future" ], "title": "Impact of Climate Change on Indoor Air Quality: A Review", "authors": "Mansouri A; Wei W; Alessandrini JM; Mandin C; Blondeau P", "authorNames": [ "Mansouri A", "Wei W", "Alessandrini JM", "Mandin C", "Blondeau P" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph192315616", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "method": "Review", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The review described multiple pathways linking climate change and indoor air quality, including humidity, outdoor pollutants, window use and cooling. Combined effects could oppose one another and remained difficult to quantify.", "plainExplanation": "The review described multiple pathways linking climate change and indoor air quality, including humidity, outdoor pollutants, window use and cooling. Combined effects could oppose one another and remained difficult to quantify.", "why": "Future-proofing a home requires air-quality assessment alongside thermal performance.", "everydayExample": "A tighter, cooled dwelling may need a different ventilation strategy during smoke or humidity events.", "caveat": "The review does not provide a single net prediction; coupled heat, airflow and pollutant modelling still carries substantial uncertainty.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9740977/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9740977", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9740977/fullTextXML", "license": "Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "review-article", "sourceBodyWords": 8038, "sourceSha256": "18ef25565cdd0acbdf990e6ffeb1b0fe5148fd79593f8372c7f5b4179a5da773" }, { "id": "tv192", "topic": "future", "tags": [ "future" ], "title": "Relational geographies of urban unsustainability: The entanglement of California’s housing crisis with WUI growth and climate change", "authors": "Greenberg M; Angelo H; Losada E; Wilmers CC", "authorNames": [ "Greenberg M", "Angelo H", "Losada E", "Wilmers CC" ], "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.2310080121", "journal": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The exploratory California analysis connected housing affordability pressures with expansion into the wildland-urban interface and climate-related hazards. It argued that urban housing access should be considered within resilience planning.", "plainExplanation": "The exploratory California analysis connected housing affordability pressures with expansion into the wildland-urban interface and climate-related hazards. It argued that urban housing access should be considered within resilience planning.", "why": "Housing location and affordability can shape exposure to wildfire and other hazards.", "everydayExample": "A less expensive outlying home may carry risks not captured by purchase price alone.", "caveat": "The article develops relationships and hypotheses rather than establishing that one housing policy will cause a specified reduction in disaster losses.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11317566/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC11317566", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11317566/fullTextXML", "license": "This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND).", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 9316, "sourceSha256": "2ef5ecb548d6617640352c2986088ff77263bf2d32157c285a4104000c55f4d2" }, { "id": "tv193", "topic": "future", "tags": [ "future" ], "title": "Air-conditioning adoption and electricity demand highlight climate change mitigation–adaptation tradeoffs", "authors": "Colelli FP; Wing IS; Cian E", "authorNames": [ "Colelli FP", "Wing IS", "Cian E" ], "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-31469-z", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The study modelled how warming and air-conditioning adoption jointly affect electricity demand and heat exposure. Trade-offs varied geographically and by income, supporting combinations of efficient technology and behavioural adaptation.", "plainExplanation": "The study modelled how warming and air-conditioning adoption jointly affect electricity demand and heat exposure. Trade-offs varied geographically and by income, supporting combinations of efficient technology and behavioural adaptation.", "why": "More cooling access can protect residents while increasing electricity needs.", "everydayExample": "Pair efficient cooling with shade and envelope improvements where appropriate.", "caveat": "Projected adoption and demand depend on economic and behavioural assumptions; results are not a household-specific bill forecast.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10023814/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC10023814", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10023814/fullTextXML", "license": "Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6934, "sourceSha256": "60f4e69e6ca6e126b39609a52a28aff22aca0aedbb6e8768ca91f125cf3dbc20" }, { "id": "tv194", "topic": "future", "tags": [ "future" ], "title": "Comparing temperature-related mortality impacts of cool roofs in winter and summer in a highly urbanized European region for present and future climate", "authors": "Helen L. Macintyre; Clare Heaviside; Xiaoming Cai; Revati Phalkey", "authorNames": [ "Helen L. Macintyre", "Clare Heaviside", "Xiaoming Cai", "Revati Phalkey" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.envint.2021.106606", "journal": "Environment International", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "West Midlands modelling found that cool roofs produced stronger temperature effects in summer than winter. Estimated winter cold-mortality effects were negligible in the tested setting, leaving net annual temperature-related health benefits.", "plainExplanation": "West Midlands modelling found that cool roofs produced stronger temperature effects in summer than winter. Estimated winter cold-mortality effects were negligible in the tested setting, leaving net annual temperature-related health benefits.", "why": "Evaluate cool-roof benefits and winter consequences across the year.", "everydayExample": "A citywide roof programme can assess both seasons before choosing targets.", "caveat": "The result is model- and climate-specific, with anthropogenic heat not explicitly represented; it does not establish identical effects for every roof or city.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8214226/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8214226", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8214226/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "licenseUrl": "", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 5167, "sourceSha256": "d07f1828b6c6461b461d1f5403e6f35c94aaef54190ae5be3a91d6d78ee1978c" }, { "id": "tv195", "topic": "future", "tags": [ "future" ], "title": "A multi-paradigm framework to assess the impacts of climate change on end-use energy demand", "authors": "Nateghi R; Mukherjee S", "authorNames": [ "Nateghi R", "Mukherjee S" ], "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0188033", "journal": "PLoS ONE", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The Indiana modelling framework showed that warming could reduce residential annual demand where heating dominated, while commercial demand could rise as cooling increases outpaced heating reductions.", "plainExplanation": "The Indiana modelling framework showed that warming could reduce residential annual demand where heating dominated, while commercial demand could rise as cooling increases outpaced heating reductions.", "why": "Lower annual demand can coexist with greater summer cooling needs.", "everydayExample": "A home may need less winter heating but still require stronger summer heat protection.", "caveat": "Results depend on sector, climate and modelling assumptions; an annual balance does not describe peak demand or comfort in every dwelling.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5695769/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC5695769", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5695769/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 8210, "sourceSha256": "560cb184125108ad5e5627d1f1354178c49f49fb88d24007120762aaff329a04" }, { "id": "tv196", "topic": "future", "tags": [ "future" ], "title": "Predictions of household water affordability under conditions of climate change, demographic growth, and fresh groundwater depletion in a southwest US city indicate increasing burdens on the poor", "authors": "Josiah M. Heyman; Alex Mayer; Jessica Alger", "authorNames": [ "Josiah M. Heyman", "Alex Mayer", "Jessica Alger" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0277268", "journal": "PLOS ONE", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The El Paso scenario analysis projected increasing water-affordability pressure under population growth and resource constraints, with disproportionate burdens in poorer areas. It connected future resource conditions to household costs.", "plainExplanation": "The El Paso scenario analysis projected increasing water-affordability pressure under population growth and resource constraints, with disproportionate burdens in poorer areas. It connected future resource conditions to household costs.", "why": "Climate resilience includes affordability of essential water services.", "everydayExample": "A landscape or cooling plan should consider future water costs as well as energy use.", "caveat": "The projections rely on external studies and uncertain future conditions; they do not establish future bills for an individual household.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9683544/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9683544", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9683544/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 9116, "sourceSha256": "5498e07c630c98323fd46c7969d386b859958f0bb462c37fc4813daec90e8803" }, { "id": "tv197", "topic": "future", "tags": [ "future" ], "title": "Climate change, riverine flood risk and adaptation for the conterminous United States", "authors": "Wobus C; Porter J; Lorie M; Martinich J; Bash R", "authorNames": [ "Wobus C", "Porter J", "Lorie M", "Martinich J", "Bash R" ], "year": 2021, "doi": "10.1088/1748-9326/ac1bd7", "journal": "Environmental research letters : ERL [Web site]", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "US flood-risk modelling projected increasing residential riverine damage without adaptation. Property-level adaptations could provide benefits, while understanding present-day risk remained important to investment decisions.", "plainExplanation": "US flood-risk modelling projected increasing residential riverine damage without adaptation. Property-level adaptations could provide benefits, while understanding present-day risk remained important to investment decisions.", "why": "Future resilience decisions should begin with a sound assessment of current exposure.", "everydayExample": "A homeowner considering flood protection can compare current hazard, future scenarios and property-specific measures.", "caveat": "Benefit-cost outcomes depend on hazard, damage and discounting assumptions; riverine flood results do not cover every type of flooding.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8459676/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC8459676", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8459676/fullTextXML", "license": "As the Version of Record of this article is going to be / has been published on a gold open access basis under a CC BY 3.0 licence, this Accepted Manuscript is available for reuse under a CC BY 3.0 licence immediately.Everyone is permitted to use all or part of the original content in this article, provided that they adhere to all the terms of the licence https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0Although reasonable endeavours have been taken to obtain all necessary permissions from third parties to include their copyrighted content within this article, their full citation and copyright line may not be present in this Accepted Manuscript version. Before using any content from this article, please refer to the Version of Record on IOPscience once published for full citation and copyright details, as permissions may be required. All third party content is fully copyright protected and is not published on a gold open access basis under a CC BY licence, unless that is specifically stated in the figure caption in the Version of Record.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 6264, "sourceSha256": "8f9c4aee06f62d34a6dcbff681c9c1f8a2f51e3ea8ba0a92878d0722cfe86445" }, { "id": "tv198", "topic": "future", "tags": [ "future" ], "title": "Scenario analysis of supply‐ and demand‐side solutions for circular economy and climate change mitigation in the global building sector", "authors": "Pauliuk S; Carrer F; Heeren N; Hertwich EG", "authorNames": [ "Pauliuk S", "Carrer F", "Heeren N", "Hertwich EG" ], "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1111/jiec.13557", "journal": "Journal of Industrial Ecology", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "The global building-sector scenarios found that very low emissions required combinations of supply-side decarbonisation and demand-side material or space-efficiency measures. Circular-economy strategies differed in their potential contributions.", "plainExplanation": "The global building-sector scenarios found that very low emissions required combinations of supply-side decarbonisation and demand-side material or space-efficiency measures. Circular-economy strategies differed in their potential contributions.", "why": "Materials, floor area and operational energy all affect long-term building impacts.", "everydayExample": "A renovation can consider retaining useful structure alongside improving energy performance.", "caveat": "Global stock-flow scenarios simplify local construction, behaviour and future technology; they are not a carbon calculation for a particular home.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11667659/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC11667659", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC11667659/fullTextXML", "license": "This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 11698, "sourceSha256": "ea3f01fcecb91a5ab6835cd22633e34853ea0952eb367f1de511ba2c96e810bd" }, { "id": "tv199", "topic": "future", "tags": [ "future" ], "title": "Climate change and 2030 cooling demand in Ahmedabad, India: opportunities for expansion of renewable energy and cool roofs", "authors": "Joshi J; Magal A; Limaye VS; Madan P; Jaiswal A; Mavalankar D; Knowlton K", "authorNames": [ "Joshi J", "Magal A", "Limaye VS", "Madan P", "Jaiswal A", "Mavalankar D", "Knowlton K" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1007/s11027-022-10019-4", "journal": "Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Ahmedabad modelling found that expanded cool roofs could offset the climate-driven component of projected near-term cooling-demand growth in the examined scenario. Cleaner electricity offered a complementary response.", "plainExplanation": "Ahmedabad modelling found that expanded cool roofs could offset the climate-driven component of projected near-term cooling-demand growth in the examined scenario. Cleaner electricity offered a complementary response.", "why": "Passive cooling and low-carbon supply can address different parts of future demand.", "everydayExample": "A housing programme could compare reflective roofs with efficient cooling and renewable electricity options.", "caveat": "The result depends on assumed roof coverage, climate and energy modelling; it does not imply offsetting all population- or income-driven demand growth.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9360156/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9360156", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9360156/fullTextXML", "license": "Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 7115, "sourceSha256": "a1da207f4508354cae653a4785df8464248767faa408f487bc5f1dc80c70cc43" }, { "id": "tv200", "topic": "future", "tags": [ "future" ], "title": "Indoor Temperatures in the 2018 Heat Wave in Quebec, Canada: Exploratory Study Using Ecobee Smart Thermostats", "authors": "Arlene Oetomo; Niloofar Jalali; Paula Dornhofer Paro Costa; Plinio Pelegrini Morita", "authorNames": [ "Arlene Oetomo", "Niloofar Jalali", "Paula Dornhofer Paro Costa", "Plinio Pelegrini Morita" ], "year": 2022, "doi": "10.2196/34104", "journal": "JMIR Formative Research", "method": "Research article", "evidence": "fulltext", "source": "curated", "question": "What does this paper add?", "summary": "Smart-thermostat data from Quebec's 2018 heatwave showed indoor warming and heat retention, including substantial exposure in non-air-conditioned homes. The study demonstrated potential for continuous indoor data to strengthen heat-response planning.", "plainExplanation": "Smart-thermostat data from Quebec's 2018 heatwave showed indoor warming and heat retention, including substantial exposure in non-air-conditioned homes. The study demonstrated potential for continuous indoor data to strengthen heat-response planning.", "why": "Outdoor forecasts alone may miss heat persisting inside homes.", "everydayExample": "A housing service could use consent-based indoor readings to identify apartments that remain hot overnight.", "caveat": "Smart-thermostat users are a selective sample, and device placement and equipment information constrain generalisation.", "readingTip": "Compare the study setting, measurements and research design with your own situation. Keep measured outcomes separate from simulations and illustrative examples.", "exampleDisclaimer": "Illustration only; this household situation is not a finding reported by the study.", "interpretationScope": "Full text retrieved; selected findings checked against source sections. This is an educational note, not a comprehensive independent critical appraisal or professional recommendation.", "openAccess": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9136646/", "openAccessLabel": "Read full paper free", "accessMethod": "Europe PMC legal open-access full text", "accessChecked": "2026-10-17", "summaryBasis": "Full-text-based selective source check", "accessVerified": true, "doiVerified": true, "pmcid": "PMC9136646", "fullTextXML": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9136646/fullTextXML", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Formative Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://formative.jmir.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publicationType": "research-article", "sourceBodyWords": 3565, "sourceSha256": "45c7d843741804feb5d21359f50990bcef97c5656de74369ddc25de6255f5447" } ]